Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc Prepared By: Renee Brokaw University of North Carolina, Charlotte This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: Any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network; Preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images; Any rental, lease, or lending of the program. Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc

Principles of Communication Unit 1 Principles of Communication Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc

Foundations of Human Communication Chapter 1 Foundations of Human Communication Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc

Communication Defined is the process of acting on information (someone does or says something and others act or respond) Human communication is the process of making sense out of the world and sharing that sense with others by creating meaning through the use of verbal and non-verbal messages

Communication Involves Making sense: through interpreting what we see, hear, touch, smell, and taste Sharing sense: we share what we experience by expressing our interpretation to ourselves and to others Creating meaning: meaning is co-created, co-constructed by both the speaker and the listener We communicate through verbal and non-verbal messages; we are the symbolic species. We use symbols ( words, sounds, gestures, visual images to communicate our thoughts -Non-verbal: gestures, facial expressions, tone of voice, clothing, jewelry to convey ideas, attitudes and feelings Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc

What Do We Mean By Effective and Competent Communication ? The message should be understood as intended The message should achieve its intended effect (purpose) The message should be ethical (manipulating listeners would be ethical or unethical?)

The message should achieve its intended effect Different purposes require different strategies of success. Public speaking: inform, persuade, entertain Interpersonal: build trust, develop intimacy, enjoy other’s company Consider the goal of the communication act

The message should be ethical. Ethics are the beliefs, values, and moral principles by which we determine what is right or wrong. Examples of unethical messages are messages that: Manipulate listeners, Unfairly restrict listeners’ choices, Use false information, etc.

What Do We Mean By Ethics? Values Beliefs Moral principles by which we determine what is right or wrong Being honest is the key to ethical communication

Are There Universal Moral And Ethical Codes? Research Yes there is a universal ethical code for interpreting the goodness and the badness of human behavior “Do unto others what you would have others do unto you” (Christianity ) “one should seek for others the happiness one desires for oneself” ( Buddhism) “what is hateful to you, do not do to others” ( Judaism) No one of you is a believer until he desires for his brother that which he desires for himself “ (Islam)

Why Study Communication? To improve your employability : studying communication develops your leadership skills To Improve your relationships (family, friendship, marriage …etc.) To improve your health (quality of life) Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc

What Corporate Leaders Value Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc

To Improve Your Employability Rank Skills Evaluated 1. Oral communication (speaking) skills 2. Written communication skills 3. Listening ability 4. Enthusiasm 5. Technical support 6. Work experience 7. Appearance 8. Poise 9. Resume 10. Part-time or summer work experience J.L. Winsor, D. Curtis and R.D. Stephens Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc

To Improve Your Relationships “At the heart of a good relationship is good communication.” D. Coleman Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc

Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc To Improve Your Health Strong social support systems reduce stress Improving communication enhances well-being Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc

Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc Communication Models Communication as action Communication as interaction Communication as transaction Mediated communication Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc

Communication Models Communication as Action: Message Transfer Communication takes place when a message is sent and received Communication is a linear input/output process consisting of a source, a message, a channel, a receiver (listener), and noise (interference)

Harold Lasswell’s Communication As Action 1948 Who (sender) Says what (message) In what channel To whom (receiver) With what effect Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc

A Model of Communication as Action Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc

Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc Key Components Source Receiver Message Encoding Decoding Channel Noise Psychological Physical Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc

Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc Challenge Question The pathway through which messages pass between source and receiver is the: Source Channel Receiver Context Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc

Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc Answer The pathway through which messages pass between source and receive is the Source Channel Receiver Context Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc

Communication Models Communication as Interaction: Message Exchange Includes feedback as a response to a message sent by the communication source and places the process in context (the physical, historical, and psychological communication environment) Communication is a linear (step-by-step process)

A Model of Communication as Interaction Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc

Communication Models Communication as Transaction: Message Creation The source and the receiver of a message experience communication simultaneously When we communicate with another, we are constantly reacting to what our partner is saying (verbal responses) and expressing (nonverbal responses) We create meaning during a communication transaction

A Model of Communication as Transaction Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc

Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc Mediated Communication Versus Face to Face Communicaiton-4 key Differences Anonymity: Personal appearance Distance Time Asynchronous Synchronous Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc

Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc Challenge Question Most contemporary communication scholars agree that the ________model of communication is the most realistic model. Linear Transactional Interactional Encoded Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc

Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc Answer Most contemporary communication scholars agree that the ________model of communication is the most realistic model. Linear Transactional Interactional Encoded Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc

Communication Characteristics Inescapable opportunities to communicate are everywhere Irreversible (once created, it can not be uncreated “once a word goes out of your mouth, you can never swallow it again” (Russian saying) Complicated otherwise we would have been able to minimize world conflicts and wars Emphasize content and relationships Consider that the content of a message refers to what is said The relationship cues provided in how the message is communicated Are governed by rules Rules define appropriate and inappropriate communication in any given situation

Who Is/Are Involved In This Process? To illustrate the complexity of the communication process Barnlund, a scholar, suggested that there are six “people” involved: 1- Who you think you are 2 - Who you think the other person is 3-Who you think the other person thinks you are 4-Who the other person thinks he/she is 5-Who the other person thinks you are 6-Who the other person thinks you think he/she is

Communication Principles for a Lifetime Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc

Communicating with Others: Three Contexts Interpersonal Communication Occurs when you interact simultaneously with another person and attempt to mutually influence each other. Impersonal communication? Group Communication The verbal and nonverbal messages that occur among people who share a common goal, who feel a sense of belonging to a group, and who exert influence on each other. small group dyad teams Presentational communication Public communication that occurs when a speaker addresses a gathering of people to inform, persuade, or entertain. Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc

Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc Group Communication Small group At least three people Dyad Two people interacting Team Organized to facilitate common goal Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc

Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc Challenge Question A small group requires at least: Two members Three members Four members Five members Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc

Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc Answer A small group requires at least: Two members Three members Four members Five members Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc

Presentational Communication Mediated communication: is any communication expressed via some channel other than those used when we communicate in person (phone line or cell-phone, TV, or a computer) Mass communication: communicating a mediated message to many people at the same time Organizational communication: the study of human communication as it occurs in organizations Health communication: the study of how communication affects human health Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc