Aim: How are proteins synthesized?

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Presentation transcript:

Aim: How are proteins synthesized?

I. What are the main jobs of DNA? Has the instructions for the creation of Proteins. Direct the activities of the cell

II. How are proteins (synthesized) made? Transcription Translation

*RNA or mRNA *What does DNA contain the code for? III. Why does mRNA have to leave the nucleus? *To bring the instructions (from DNA) to make proteins to the ribosomes (in cytoplasm). *What does DNA contain the code for? PROTIENS! *How do we copy the information? *RNA or mRNA

IV. Where are proteins synthesized (made)? Ribosomes

V. Transcription The process where the DNA (in nucleus) is transcribed (copied) into a mRNA . The mRNA will exit the nucleus and deliver the instructions to the ribosome to make proteins.

A T T C C G C A C U A A G G C G U G If the DNA strand of bases is: the messenger RNA strand would be: U A A G G C G U G

VI. Why does mRNA have to leave the nucleus? Because Proteins are made in the Ribosomes. Not the nucleus.

Messenger RNA goes to the ribosomes: Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis (where amino acids join). BOND

VII. What transports the amino acids to the ribosomes? tRNA

Parts of tRNA: What does translate mean? Interpret *Bases: A, U, G, C Anticodon- three bases that are complimentary (match) to a specific codon in the mRNA. 2) Binding Site- specific Amino Acid at top. 3) TRANSLATES the mRNA. What does translate mean? Interpret *Bases: A, U, G, C

How does tRNA know what amino acid to deliver? Anti-codon mRNA Codon It has an anti-codon that matches to the codon on the MRNA.

mRNA - tRNA – amino acid GGG……CCC AUC……UAG ACC……UGG CGU……GCA

mRNA vs. tRNA Messenger RNA Transfer RNA Carries copy of instructions from nucleus to ribosome Carries amino acids to the ribosome

Steps of Protein Synthesis: Start Codon: AUG mRNA is created in nucleus. mRNA goes to ribosome. 3. tRNA picks up amino acids and carries them to the ribosome and the mRNA. 4. The anti-codon on the tRNA matches up with the mRNA codon. 5. Peptide bonds are formed between adjacent amino acids. 6. Polypeptide is formed & released (PROTEIN)! Stop Codon: UAA