the Sponges Phylum Porifera

Taxonomic Referencing King Philip Came Over For Good Soup (Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species)

Tree of Life

Tree of Life

Tree of Life Protozoans – Animals whose bodies consist of single cells Metazoans - Animals whose bodies consist of many cells

General Information Kingdom : Animalia Phylum : Porifera Porifera = “pore bearer” Yellow barrel sponge Pink lumpy sponge

Phylum Porifera

General Information Size range: 1cm to 2m in diameter Giant Barrel sponges

General Information They are without organs, mouth, digestive system or nervous tissue

Body Structure Ostia – small pores where water enters Oscullum – large hole through which water flows to deliver food, oxygen and carry away waste products

Body Structure Collar Cells – cells bearing flagella that maintain a steady current of water through the sponge Amoebocytes – transport food to other cell layers

Body Structure Spicules – skeleton of the sponge, secreted by amebocyte cells; made of calcium carbonate or silica Spongin – flexible protein, holds cells together

Level of organization *Body composed of cells, not tissues Japanese Deep Sea Sponge

Habitat -Both marine and freshwater -Both tropical and polar climates Purple Rope sponge Fresh-water Sponge

Youtube Video Wonderful World of Sea Sponges http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BW05vMziy2o

Feeding -Sponges are heterotrophic; considered filter feeders. -Filter Feeder - organism which obtains nutrition by filtering small food particles from water

Feeding Process 1. Water & food goes in via ostia 2. Choanocytes (collar cells) trap food 3. Amoebocytes transfer food to other cells 4. Water exits through oscullum

Sponge Feeding http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T7E1rq7zHLc&NR=1

Respiration -Through diffusion

Internal transport Through diffusion

Response NONE ! No nervous system Pipe organ sponge

Locomotion Locomotion – movement or motility -Larvae are free-swimming, use cilia -Adults are sessile (do not move)

Regeneration Tremendous ability to repair and restore lost parts Can also rebuild self if totally disintegrated

Reproduction -Porifera have both sexual and asexual reproduction Asexual - budding

Reproduction 2. Sexual a. Most monoecious = hermaphrodites, both sexes in same organism Egg & sperm produced Self fertilization results in free-swimming larvae

Reproduction 2. Sexual b. Some dioecious – have separate sexes Egg OR sperm produced Cross fertilization results in larvae Larvae settles on sea floor to become adult

Sponge Reproduction http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KOFFzXNYJG0&feature=related

Ecological Roles Create habitat for other organisms B. Food source for some

Sea Turtle Feeding on Sponge http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tl_gjeXKDps&feature=related

Ecological Roles Home use: the bath sponge bathing, cleaning

Ecological Roles Medical research - Sponges don’t get cancer. -Why not? Maybe we can use what keeps them from getting cancer to treat humans………..

Azure Vase Sponge

Giant Barrel Sponge

Elephant Ear Sponge

Yellow Vase Sponges

Yellow Barrel Sponge

Red Branch Sponge

Red Beard Sponge

Nipple Sponge

SpongeBob Square Pants