Large movements of refugees and migrants

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Presentation transcript:

Large movements of refugees and migrants Joop Theunissen, with thanks to Migration Section, Population Division Department of Economic and Social Affairs United Nations www.unmigration.org 1 1

SDGsinaction.com

Key migration-related targets Strengthen and retain the health workforce in developing countries (3.c) Increase the number scholarships for study abroad (4.b) Eradicate human trafficking (5.2, 8.7, 16.2) Protect labour rights of migrant workers (8.8) Facilitate orderly, safe, regular and responsible migration (10.7) Reduce transaction costs of remittances (10.c) Establish legal identity including through birth registration (16.9) Disaggregate data by migratory status (17.18)

Who is an international migrant. (UNDESA, 1998 Who is an international migrant? (UNDESA, 1998. Recommendation on statistics of international migration) Any person who changes her/his country of residence Part of this definition: A move Minimum duration of stay Not part of this definition: Reason (work, family, study, asylum, etc.) Legal status

244 million people worldwide What is the scale of migration? (UNDESA, International Migration Report, 2015) 244 million people worldwide Of which 24 million refugees and 3 million asylum-seekers These 24 million refugees are part of 64 million people forcibly displaced – either internally (40 million) or across borders (24 million)

What is the scale of migration What is the scale of migration? (UNDESA, International Migration Report, 2015) Out of 244 million worldwide: 103m from Asia (43/%) 62m from Europe (37%) 37m from Latin America (15%) 34m from Africa (14%) To where: USA (37m), Germany (12m), Russian Federation (12m), Saudi Arabia (10m)

From where to where?

Number of international migrants likely to increase International migrant stock, 1990-2050 (millions) Proportion of international migrants in total population 1990-2000 growth rate 2000-2010 growth rate 2010-2015 growth rate 3.3% 3.2% 2.8% 2.9% 1990 2000 2010 2015 2050 Source: UN/DESA, Population Division (2015). Trends in International Migrant Stock: The 2015 revision 9

Changes in working age population will be significant (2015 – 2050) Source: UN, DESA, Population Division (2015). World Population Prospects: The 2015 Revision

Who is a refugee? (1951 United Nations Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, Art .1) Refugee definition (art. 1): well-founded fear of being persecuted reasons: race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion outside country of nationality and unable to return Non-refoulement (art. 33): No country shall expel or return ('refouler') a refugee to a territory where his life or freedom would be threatened on account of his race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion

Global displacement trends

Uneven responsibility sharing for refugees Ratio of refugee population to gross domestic product per capita (PPPs) Source: UNHCR Statistical Yearbook 2014, Annex Table 26. Indicators of host country capacity and contributions, end-2014

Migrant remittances: A key contribution to development Top 5 recipients (2013) Top 5 recipients as a share of GDP (2012) Total: 414 billion USD US$ billion % of GDP India China Philip- pines Mexico Nigeria Tajikistan Kyrgyz Republic Nepal Moldova Lesotho Source: World Bank United Nations, Population Division/DESA

Ratification of relevant conventions illustrates Member States’ concerns

UN Summit for Refugees and Migrants (New York, 19 September) Political commitments Affirm commitments for refugees and migrants Launch global campaign “Together — Respect, Safety and Dignity for All” Develop global compact for on responsibility-sharing for refugees (2018) Develop global compact for safe, regular and orderly migration (2018) Develop guidance to protect migrants in vulnerable situations (2018) Concrete pledges Resettlement, humanitarian assistance, development aid, conflict resolution

New York Declaration for Refugees and Migrants – key political commitments Affirm commitments for refugees and migrants Launch global campaign “Together — Respect, Safety and Dignity for All” Develop global compact for on responsibility-sharing for refugees (2018) Develop global compact for safe, regular and orderly migration (2018) Develop guidance to protect migrants in vulnerable situations (2018)

Imagine… a new global compact

Global compact for safe, orderly and regular migration What: Framework for international cooperation on migrants and mobility When: Adopted at 2018 international conference on international migration How: Preparatory process, intergovernmental negotiations Basis: 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development

Global compact for safe, orderly and regular migration – key elements Drivers of migration Safe, orderly, regular and responsible migration and mobility of people through well-managed migration policies Cooperation for border control Combat human trafficking, migrant smuggling, irregular migration Return and readmission Protect migrants in vulnerable situations and countries in crisis Contribution of migrants and migration to development Impact of migration on human capital Integration, inclusion and regularization Obligations of migrants in host countries Human rights of migrants; migrants in vulnerable situations Improve labour conditions and working environments for migrants Portability of qualifications, skills and earned benefits International cooperation on migration

Imagine…

Thank you! www.unmigration.org