Freud’s Theory Miss Minaker

Structure of Personality Freud argued that rather than having one integrated whole mind, our psyche is separated into 3 distinct parts, which often work against each other. Have you ever felt like you were being pulled in two directions? E.g. I really need to study, but I want to go to a party with my friends

Structure of Personality The Id, the Ego and the Superego http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6a8mwidjG8s&fe ature=related (Standard Deviants)

The Id This is the primitive biological part of the mind. It is present in the new born infant and consists of basic biological impulses or drives such as hunger, thirst etc. Therefore the Id is said to work on the pleasure principle.

The Id Freud argued that these drives motivate us to behave in certain ways and humans are motivated to satisfy urges and wishes. Urges and wishes put us in a state of arousal and when they are satisfied arousal is reduced. The id is part of the unconscious mind.

The Ego The ego develops as the child grows The ego aims to gratify the id’s impulses in line with what is realistically possible by considering the environment it is in.

The Ego It works on the reality principle. For example relieving bladder or bowel pressure must be delayed until a toilet is reached.

The Ego It also has the job of defending the unconscious mind against displeasure (e.g. unpleasant experiences or forbidden id impulses by using defence mechanisms). The ego is part of the conscious mind.

The Superego The superego develops last. It judges whether actions are right or wrong. It is effectively a conscience (little voice). It is an internalized representation of the values and morals of society.

The Superego The superego is an internalised representation of the same sex parent. Violating the superego’s standards or even the impulse to do so causes anxiety. This anxiety is largely unconscious but may be experienced as guilt. It therefore works on the morality principle

The Superego Someone who has failed to internalise the moral standards of society will have few behavioural constraints and may engage in excessively over indulgent or criminal behaviour. The superego is part of the conscious and unconscious mind

Video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mkin1FhojCo (be warned, it is very cheesy!)

Scenario In pairs think up a scenario where the id, ego and superego might be in conflict. How might this conflict resolved?

Evaluation Evaluate Freud’s theory of the structure of personality. First feelings: How accurate do you feel the theory is? Using pg 41, summarise the main evaluative points

Psychosexual Development At each age the libido (sexual energy) focuses on one area. ORAL ANAL PHALLIC LATENCY GENITAL If the child receives too much or too little satisfaction at any stage, they can become fixated. This means that as adults they will show certain characteristics. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cvOoYX45G_0&feature=related (Standard Deviants)

Old Age Pensioners Like Guinness

Oral Stage 0-18 months Focus of libido is the mouth. The child is being breast fed and weaned. They are passive, receptive and dependent. They also focus on exploring with their mouths. They will pick up and suck objects.

Oral Stage Healthy development: adult enjoyment of food, and healthy dependence on others Overindulged characteristics: Optimistic, admiring, gullible, overly enthusiastic Underindulged characteristics: envious, pessimistic, sarcastic, smoking, drinking, eating problems

ANAL STAGE 1 – 3 years Focus of Libido is on the anus as this is when potty training takes place Ego develops as parents impose restrictions It is the first time the child experiences any sort of control (expulsion/retention of faeces)

Anal Stage Healthy development: ability to deal with authority, and to be able to maintain a balance between order and mess. Anally expulsive character: caused by too much freedom during potty training leads to messy, reckless, disorganised adults Anally retentive: caused potty training that is too strict leads to obstinate, careful, precise, stubborn, stingy adults

PHALLIC STAGE 3 – 6 years Focus on genitals. Curiosity and examination. Superego develops through resolution of the Oedipus or Electra complex Identification with same sex parent leads to formation of gender identity.

The Oedipus and Electra Complexes Read the section on the sheet and put the stages in the correct order.

Oedipus Complex 1.Boy sees father as a rival for his mother’s attention, and wishes to kill him. 3. This leads to the development of the superego. The boy substitutes his desire for his mother into desire for other women. 2. Boy starts to desire his mother, and wants to have sex with her 4. The boy is in a state of conflict. He resolves this by internalising and identifying with his father. 5. He fears that if his father finds out about his feelings for his mother, he will castrate him.

Electra Complex 2. She starts to sexually desire her father who has a penis. 3. The superego develops, as does gender identity. She replaces penis envy with desire for a baby. 1. The girl begins to develop penis envy. She blames her mother for removing her penis. 5. To resolve this, the girl identifies with her mother so that she can have her father. 4. The girl sees her mother as a sexual rival for her father.

OEDIPUS COMPLEX http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X0mNd5U8QiY (Real explanation) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BA35ys91QJU (Gillette spoof)

Phallic Stage Healthy development will lead to a well rounded adult. The child will internalise their same sex parent which becomes the superego. Fixation can lead to phallic characteristics. Self-assured, selfish, reckless, ambitious, vain proud. May be incapable of loving others. Sexual under or over confidence and homosexuality

Latency and Genital Phase Latency: 7-puberty Focus is on same sex friendships Events from previous stages are repressed into the unconscious Genital: Puberty and adolescence Adult personality has formed Interest in opposite sex Repressed issues from previous stages may start to cause problems

Evaluation Using pg 45, summarise the main evaluative points

Defense Mechanisms http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e-NP__ExSSE&feature=related (Standard Deviants)