GEOLOGY CMU Bill Palmer

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Presentation transcript:

GEOLOGY CMU Bill Palmer Lecture 15 Glaciers

GEOLOGY Glaciers-are slow moving rivers or sheets of ice that survive the summer melt. Found at high elevations in mountains or northern latitudes.

GEOLOGY Mountain Glaciers-exist in mountains and high elevations. Flow from high to low-may be very steep Associated with cirques (bowl shaped depressions on mountain sides)

GEOLOGY Mountain Glaciers are rivers of ice.

GEOLOGY Continental Glaciers-Cover large areas-Antarctica and Greenland. (over land not water so artic doesn’t qualify)

GEOLOGY Continental Glacier

GEOLOGY When glaciers move they create crevasses-large cracks in the ice. Crevasses may be 100s of meters long and 10s of meters deep. When glaciers melt it is glacial retreat. When pieces of a glacier break off and fall into the ocean it creates an iceberg. Sea ice is just floating ice on ocean in Artic and Antarctic.

GEOLOGY Crevasse Iceberg Sea Ice

GEOLOGY Cirque-A owl shaped depression left on a mountaintop by a glacier Horn-a pointed mountain peak with three cirques at base U-shaped valley-scoured out by a glacier Hanging Valley-when glacier cuts valley below a side valley

GEOLOGY Cirque Matterhorn Hanging Valley U-shaped valley

GEOLOGY Stuff Glaciers leave behind Fjords-steep cliffs into oceans Glacial Till-Ground up rock and debris transported by glacier and left behind when glacier melts Erratics-boulders left behind when a glacier melts

GEOLOGY Fjords Erratic

GEOLOGY Stuff Glaciers leave behind-Moraines Terminal Moraine-at the end of the glacier Lateral Moraine-on the sides of the glacier Drumlins-long hills of glacial till formed by glaciers Kettle-hole formed by glacier

GEOLOGY Terminal Moraine Lateral Moraine

GEOLOGY Drumlin Kettle

GEOLOGY Missouri was covered by a glacier about 10,000 years ago Missouri River is southern limit of glacier Formed by meltwater from glacier

GEOLOGY-Wrap-ups 1. What is a glacier? 2. What are four mountain structures associated with glaciers? 3. What is an erratic? 4. What is a drumlin? 5. How was the Missouri River formed?