S.p.a.m.a.r.a. How You get hooked by an argument Simile Parallel Structure Allusion Metaphor Aphorism Rhetorical Question Anecdote/Analogy

Simile: Like or as Metaphor: Is, are, or other simple verb, OR a associated noun. Voting for Mr. Brown will be like electing a dead fish into office. Her policies flutter about like dizzy moths. As favorable and promising as a glowing red sunset, Mr. Green’s election to the senate will bring a new day to our struggling population. A classroom full of students is a basket of squirming, whining puppies. When I’m at school, I look Minnesota, but I feel California. This will heal our nation’s wounds and make us healthy and prosperous. Spamara Similes and Metaphors associate arguments with pleasant or unpleasant imagery

Spamara: Parallel Structure Repetitive sentence structure is memorable and dramatic (whole sentences, phrases, clauses, conjunctions, adjectives, exclamations…) --For France is not alone! She is not alone! She is not alone! --Of all the gins joints in all the towns in all the world, she walks into mine… --You can’t accuse me, because I’ve done nothing wrong. You can’t accuse me when legions of criminals escape notice every minute. You can’t accuse me unjustly. --We have toiled and struggled and fought and bled and survived. --A bad cause will [for]ever be supported by bad means and bad men. --Like the Draconian laws, this bill had blood! Blood! Felony! Felony! Felony! In every period and in every sentence.

Biblical allusion: "I violated the Noah rule: predicting rain doesn't count; building arks does.“ (Warren Buffet) Comic book allusion: "I was not born in a manger. I was actually born on Krypton and sent here by my father, Jor-el, to save the Planet Earth.“ (Barack Obama) Personal allusion: “Hey now, don’t start acting like my ex.” Historical allusion: “Five score years ago, a great American, in whose symbolic shadow we stand today, signed the Emancipation Proclamation." The phrase "Five score years ago" is an allusion to Lincoln's Gettysburg Address, which began "Four score and seven years ago." King wanted to purposely link his speech with Lincoln's in the minds of his audience, otherwise he could have just said, "100 years ago." Spamara: Allusion Hinting at something people know well to connect concepts

Spamara: Aphorism short, deep, memorable phrases are catchy and repeatable. "Your children need your presence more than your presents.“ (Jesse Jackson) "We are what we pretend to be, so we must be careful what we pretend to be.“ (Kurt Vonnegut) “If you want to live a happy life, tie it to a goal, not to people or objects.” (Albert Einstein) “The first rule of fight club—don’t talk about fight club.” (Tyler Durden)

Spamara: Rhetorical Questions Questions that suggest the answer without requiring it. “Who knows?” “Are you stupid?” “Did you hear me?” “Ok?” “Sure, why not?” "The means are at hand to fulfill the age-old dream: poverty can be abolished. How long shall we ignore this under- developed nation in our midst? How long shall we look the other way while our fellow human beings suffer? How long?" (Michael Harrington, The Other America: Poverty in the United States, 1962)

Spamara: Anecdote/Analogy Sharing a personal experience or example inspires trust in the wisdom of the speaker/writer “A man down in Texas heard Pat on the radio mention the fact that our two youngsters would like to have a dog. And believe it or not, the day before we left on this campaign trip we got a message from Union Station in Baltimore, saying they had a package for us. We went down to get it. You know what it was? It was a little cocker spaniel dog in a crate that he'd sent all the way from Texas, black and white, spotted. And our little girl Tricia, the six year old, named it "Checkers." And you know, the kids, like all kids, love the dog, and I just want to say this, right now, that regardless of what they say about it, we're gonna keep it.” (Richard Nixon) “Just ask Clive Stone. I met him years ago, when we were in opposition. He had cancer and he said to me: 'The drug I need - it's out there but they won't give it to me because it's too expensive. Please, if you get in, do something about it.‘” (David Cameron)