Methods for Describing Sets of Data

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Presentation transcript:

Methods for Describing Sets of Data Chapter 2 Methods for Describing Sets of Data

Describing Qualitative Data 2.1 Describing Qualitative Data

Definition Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Definition Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Definition Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Table 2.1 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Definition Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Figure 2.1 SPSS summary table for types of aphasia Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Figure 2.2 SAS bar graph for type of aphasia Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Figure 2.3 MINITAB pie chart for type of aphasia Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Figure 2.4 SPSS Pareto diagram for type of aphasia Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Definition Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Figure 2.5 SAS summary tables for DRUG and COMP Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Figure 2.6 MINITAB side-by-side bar graphs for COMP by value of DRUG Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Figure 2.7 SPSS summary tables for COMP by value of drug Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Figure SIA2.1a MINITAB pie charts for Gender, Disorder, and Dissatisfies with Looks Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Figure SIA2.1b MINITAB pie charts for Gender, Disorder, and Dissatisfies with Looks Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Figure SIA2.1c MINITAB pie charts for Gender, Disorder, and Dissatisfies with Looks Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Figure SIA2.2 MINITAB side-by-side pie charts for Dissatisfied with Looks by Gender Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Figure SIA2.3 MINITAB side-by-side Pie charts for Dissatisfied with Looks by Comorbid Disorder Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Graphical Methods for Describing Quantitative Data 2.2 Graphical Methods for Describing Quantitative Data

Table 2.2 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Figure 2.8 MINITAB dot plot for 100 EPA mileage ratings Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Figure 2.9 MINITAB stem-and-leaf display for 100 mileage ratings Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Figure 2.10 SPSS histogram for 100 EPA gas mileage ratings Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Table 2.3 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Figure 2.11 The effect of the size of a data set on the outline of a histogram Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Procedure Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Table 2.4 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Figure 2.12 SPSS histogram for task deviations Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Figure 2.13 MINITAB stem-and-leaf display for task deviations Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Definition Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Figure SIA2.4 MINITAB side-by-side histograms for Appearance Evaluation by Gender Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

2.3 Summation Notation

Numerical Measures of Central Tendency 2.4 Numerical Measures of Central Tendency

Figure 2.14 Numerical descriptive measures Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Definition Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Formula Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Figure 2.15 SAS numerical descriptive measures for 100 EPA gas mileages Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Definition Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Definition Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Figure 2.16 Location of the Median Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Procedure Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Definition Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Procedure Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Definition Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Figure 2.17 MINITAB descriptive statistics for earthquake data Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Figure 2.18a MINITAB Histogram for Magnitudes of Aftershocks Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Figure 2.18b MINITAB Histogram for Inter-Arrival Times of Aftershocks Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Numerical Measures of Variability 2.5 Numerical Measures of Variability

Figure 2.19 Response time histograms for two drugs Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Definition Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Table 2.5 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Figure 2.20 Dot plots for deviations in Table 2.5 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Definition Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Formula Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Definition Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Definition Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Figure 2.21 Reproduction of SAS numerical descriptive measures for 100 EPA mileages Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Interpreting the Standard Deviation 2.6 Interpreting the Standard Deviation

Table 2.6 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Table 2.7 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Table 2.8 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Figure 2.22 MINITAB descriptive statistics for rat maze times Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Figure 2.23 MINITAB histogram of rat maze times Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Figure 2.24 The relation between the range and the standard deviation Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Figure 2.25 Battery life-length distribution: manufacturer’s claim assumed true Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Figure SIA2.5 MINITAB descriptive statistics for appearance evaluation by gender Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Numerical Measures of Relative Standing 2.7 Numerical Measures of Relative Standing

Figure 2.26 Location of 90th percentile for test grades Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Definition Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Figure 2.27 SPSS percentile statistics for water-level task deviations Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Figure 2.28 The quartile for a data set Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Definition Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Formula Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Figure 2.29 Verbal SAT scores of high school seniors Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Definition Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Figure 2.30 Population z-scores for a mound–shaped distribution Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Methods for Detecting Outliers: Box plots and z-Scores 2.8 Methods for Detecting Outliers: Box plots and z-Scores

Definition Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Definition Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Figure 2.31 Annotated MINITAB box plot for EPA gas mileages Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Definition Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Definition Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Figure 2.32 MINITAB box plot for water-level task deviations Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Table 2.9 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Figure 2.33 SAS box plots for reaction-time data Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Figure 2.34 Male salary distribution Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Procedure Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Figure SIA2.6 MINITAB box plots for Appearance Evaluation score by Gender Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Graphing Bivariate Relationships (Optional) 2.9 Graphing Bivariate Relationships (Optional)

Figure 2.35 Scatterplot of cost vs. floor area Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Figure 2.36 Hypothetical bivariate relationship Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Table 2.10 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Figure 2.37 SPSS scatterplot for medical factors data in Table 2.10 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Distorting the Truth with Descriptive Statistics 2.10 Distorting the Truth with Descriptive Statistics

Table 2.11 Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Figure 2.38 MINITAB bar graph of vessel collisions by location Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Figure 2.39 SPSS bar graph of vessel collisions by location, with adjusted vertical axis Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Figure 2.40 Relative frequency of fatal motor vehicle accidents on each of four major highways Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Figure 2.41 Mileage distributions for two car models Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.