The European Renaissance c. 1350-1600 by: Pamela Hammond Brantley Co HS Nahunta, GA 2009-2010

Growth of Italian City-States Italian city-states grow rich and powerful Had strong ties with Byzantine and Muslim merchants Centrally located Each city-state specialized in one commercial activity Usually controlled by guilds Milan: metal goods and armor Florence: banking and textiles Venice: Asian goods Europeans monarchs and nobles sought loans from merchants

Modern Florence

Florence becomes the most influential city-state Maintained a thriving industry in wool and silk trade Purchased luxury items from the East and sold them for a larger profit Sold insurance to sea traders to protect their investments Created numerous banks that made loans or exchanged currencies Medici family promoted trade, banking, the arts, scholarship and civic pride Lorenzo di Medici (1478-1521) Known as “the Magnificent”

Renaissance begins Renaissance is a French word meaning “rebirth” Refers to the revival in arts and learning Revival of Greco-Roman culture Italian city-states displayed wealth by giving financial support to artists who created works with classical themes Italy was home to one of the classical civilizations…Rome. Florence takes the lead in the late 1300s and becomes the cradle of the Renaissance into the 1500s Rome becomes the center of the Renaissance under Pope Julius II Pope Julius II By: Raphael

With a partner complete the graphic organizer

The Spirit of the Renaissance People became interested in Ancient culture… Knowledge of ancient Greece and Rome was rediscovered by scholars Contact with Byzantines and Muslims during the Crusades ignited this interest Europeans became eager to learn about the world around them Scholars thought ancient Greek and Roman writings would help them solve problems Latin translation of one of Aristotle’s works

The Spirit of the Renaissance included… A fascination with Classical cultures Artists used ancient art as models Sculptures created statues that copied the Greco-Roman ideal of the human body Donatello Michelangelo Architects designed buildings after studying the ruins in Rome Brunelleschi

The Spirit of the Renaissance included… A new type of scholar called a humanist Humanists devoted themselves to studying ancient writings They tried to learn about many subjects such as Latin, Greek, history and mathematics Petrarch, a Florentine, was the first great humanist A belief in human potential Believed each person could achieve great things Claimed that people educated in the classics could create a better world Emphasized human achievement on earth, rather than the afterlife

Renaissance Literature

Johannes Gutenberg (1398-1468) “Revolutionary of the written word” Born in Mainz, Germany Goldsmith turned printer Block printing Carve what was to be printed in to wooden blocks Blocks would wear out Mistakes could not be corrected easily Invented moveable type for his printing press (1452) Each letter on a separate shank Reusable Mistakes easily fixed Lasted longer than blocks Books were now cheaper, more people could afford them Literacy increases Ideas spread much faster Protestant Reformation Scientific Revolution

The Chinese & Koreans had it first. Movable Type See p. 488 in WHPI The Chinese & Koreans had it first.

A page for the Gutenberg Bible Only 5 intact Bibles remain

Characteristics of Italian Renaissance Literature Written in the vernacular Dante was the first to write in his native tongue rather than Latin Divine Comedy The Inferno Secular Everyday lives Politics Role of individual stressed Humanistic People are capable of accomplishing anything Petrarch “Father of Humanism” Sonnets Castiglione The Courtier Machiavelli The Prince “Father of Political Science” Encourages rulers to use all means “fair or foul” to gain and keep power by: Raphael

Northern Renaissance Literature Vernacular Call for reforms Saw the ills of society and hoped to correct them through the written word Satires Attempt to poke fun at the excesses of life while drawing attention to the reality for reform Erasmus Dutch The Praise of Folly Called for reforms in the Church Sir Thomas More English Utopia Called for the reform of society in general (calls for an “ideal society”) Shakespeare Playwright, poet Cervantes Spanish Don Quixote Calls for the reform of Spanish society…join the 17th century already! Erasmus by: Holbein Sir Thomas More by: Holbein Sir Wm Shakespeare

Renaissance Art

Characteristics of Italian Renaissance Art Realistic Perspective Humanistic Classical Sculpture Painting: Frescoes, oils Donatello Botticelli Brunelleschi Leonardo Michelangelo Raphael See accompanying slide show for examples of Italian Renaissance Art

Northern Renaissance Art “Photographic” Attention to details Secular mostly Portraits Landscapes Documentation of events Rich deep hues Oils on canvas Jan Van Eyck Dutch Religious and secular paintings Hans Holbein Court painter for Henry VIII of England Pieter Bruegel Dutch/Flemish Landscapes, scenes with peasants Albrecht Durer German Paintings and engravings See accompanying slide show for examples of Northern Renaissance Art

Northern Renaissance compared to Italian Renaissance Should not be considered an appendage to Italian art/literature. But, Italian influence was strong. Painting in OIL, developed in Flanders, was widely adopted in Italy. The differences between the two cultures: Italy  change was inspired by humanism with its emphasis on the revival of the values of classical antiquity. No. Europe  change was driven by religious reform, the return to Christian values, and the revolt against the authority of the Church. More princes & kings were patrons of artists.