Europe before Transatlantic Travel Greek and Roman Government Greek Philosophers and Government Ancient Greeks valued _____________ and believed in the power of the human mind to ____________, _____________ and understand ____________. Three great thinkers: Socrates A great ________________ Thought people should ____________ their own beliefs. Plato A ____________ and a _____________ Thought society should be based on ____________ and _______________ for everyone. Aristotle A ______________ and expert in many areas Thought people should live their lives based on ____________.

The Middle Ages

Geometry: accurately calculating the size of ____________ c. Other subjects gained fame: Geometry: accurately calculating the size of ____________ Medicine: studying the human ____________ ______________: devices to water fields Politics: Dividing a large area into independent ________________. Establishing _______________ 2. Roman Law and Government a. Democratic Government Elected _________________ Written _______________ Influenced other _________________ around the world.

Feudalism Feudalism Kings gave out _____________ to noblemen in return for _____________ _____________ would subdivide that land and give it to ___________ in return for ________________ _______________ would give very tiny plots of land to _____________ who had almost no rights or privileges 480s. Franks conquered Gaul (present day _____________) and created a huge ________________ 800s, ________________ began to attack these European settlements, kings had trouble defending empire. _______________ had to protect themselves and their ____________. Nobles gained ____________ and kings lost _____________ Feudalism promoted ____________________________________ but the ______________________ helped to unify them.

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The Feudal System In most of medieval Europe, society was dependent on the "feudal" system, which was based on allocation of land in return for service. The king would give out grants of land to his most important noblemen (barons and bishops), and each noble would have to promise to loyally follow him and supply him with soldiers in time of war. They did this at a special - kneeling before the king, he swore an oath with the words "Sire, I become your man.“ The nobles then divided their land among lower lords, or knights who also had to become their vassals(servants). In the lowest spot in society sat the peasants who worked on the land itself. They had almost no rights, tiny pieces of property - and no vassals.

Crusades

The Crusades Causes of the Crusades a. Late 1000s b. Muslim Turks were controlling access to ____________ (holy land for Christians) c. Christians could no longer safely take _________________ to their holy land The ___________ was preaching about recapturing the holy land Causes of the Crusades

Crusades Christians began a series of wars with the Muslims that lasted almost _____________ years. Failure for the _________. Effects of the crusades: Need for creation and movement of supplies and men led to a dramatic increase in _____________________. Began breaking down _____________________ because people would sell land to help with war efforts.

Travel, Trade and Towns About AD 1000 _________ grew in size _________ technology improved Travel became safer Kingdoms became _____________ (organized political units with a central government) Mongols made Silk Road (from _________ to _____________) Trade routes spread (especially from __________to Africa and Asia) People began bringing in ___________ from various countries. Black Death Spread via _____ travelling for trade _________ spread through Europe Killed more than _______of population Results: very few people meant few workers People moved to cities, which began to _____. Trade began to ________ again.

Black Death, 1347-1351 Cause: rats The Plague The Bubonic Plague Black Plague Great Pestilence Great Mortality Great Plague Cause: rats Death toll: Europe (estimated 25-50 million), Worldwide: (est. 75-200 million) Result: Renaissance Black Death: A disease spreads http://www.history.com/topics/black-death

Renaissance means “rebirth” Cultural reawakening in which people renewed their love of art, education, architecture, poetry, literature, etc. 1350s-1600s

David Artist: Gianlorenzo Bernini Title: David Date Created: 1623 Where you can see it: Galleria Borghese, Rome, Italy

Artist, Engineer, Inventor: Leonardo Da Vinci Mona Lisa Artist: Leonardo Da Vinci Title: Mona Lisa Year created: c1506 Where you can see it: Louvre Museum, Paris, France Artist, Engineer, Inventor: Leonardo Da Vinci The Last Supper  Artist: Leonardo da Vinci Title: The Last Supper  Where you can find it: Santa Maria della Grazie, Milan, Italy Date Created: late 15th century

Leonardo DaVinci’s Inventions DIVING SUIT Leonardo DaVinci’s Inventions ARMORED TANK BALL BEARING MACHINE GUN PARACHUTE

Artist: Michelangelo David Creation of Adam, Date Created: circa 1511 Date Created: 1504 Where you can see it: Accademia Gallery in Florence, Italy  Creation of Adam, Date Created: circa 1511 Where you can see it: Sistine Chapel ceiling, Vatican City, Italy

Madonna of the Magnifocat Sandro Botticelli, Madonna of the Magnifocat c.1485 Tempera on Panel, diameter 118 cm Galleria degli Uffizi, Florence  Artist: Botticelli

Renaissance Search for Knowledge Time when people developed a love of _________ and __________ Search for _____________ in ______, __________, _________, __________. Italian artists ______________________

Dante: _____________ Scientific and mathematical advances Inventions: Printing Press ___________________ Economic Changes affect ___________ Rise in ____________, which is a system that unifies and increases the power and wealth of a nation Banks are formed ______________ are formed