(7th) Chapter 7-2 Cornell Notes

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Presentation transcript:

(7th) Chapter 7-2 Cornell Notes Evidence of Evolution

Chapter 7-2: Key Questions What evidence supports the theory of evolution? How do fossils form?

Chapter 7-2: Key Terms comparative anatomy- homologous structures- mold- cast- petrified fossil- trace fossil- paleontologist- gradualism- punctuated equilibria-

Chapter 7-2 Paragraph 1 Evidence of organism change: 1. similar body structures; 2. patterns of early development; 3. molecular structure (DNA sequences); 4. fossils.

Chapter 7-2 Paragraph 2 1. Similar Body Structures: comparative anatomy: comparison of different parts of organisms ; like an internal skeleton with a backbone; vertebrates: fish, birds, amphibians, mammals, reptiles; homologous structures: similar structures that related species have gotten from a common ancestor.

Chapter 7-2 Paragraph 3 2. Patterns of Early Development: tail, rows of tiny slits in throat before birth; similar DNA and proteins suggests common ancestor.

Chapter 7-2 Paragraph 4 3. Molecular Structure: DNA sequences; similar DNA and proteins.

Chapter 7-2 Paragraph 5 4. Fossils: most fossils form when buried in sediment; Example 1 “molds”: hollow area in sediment in the organism’s shape; Example 2 “casts”: solid copy of the organism’s shape, opposite of mold; Example 3 “petrified fossils”: minerals replace part or all of an organism; Example 4 “trace fossils”: evidence of their existence; Example 5 “preserved remains”: preserved in tar,amber or ice.

Chapter 7-2 Paragraph 6 4. Fossils: paleontologist: scientist who studies fossils; explores history of life and past environments; also rate/speed at which evolution occurs. Chapter 7-2 Paragraph 6

Chapter 7-2 Paragraph 7 How rapidly do species change?: gradualism: evolution slow but steady; punctuated equilibria: evolution quick during relatively short periods, can explain “gaps” in fossil record.