Teaching Compiler Design

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Presentation transcript:

Teaching Compiler Design Overview Teaching Compiler Design ©SoftMoore Consulting

Compiler Course for Undergraduates A complete study of compilers could easily fill several graduate-level courses. Simplifications and compromises are necessary for a one-semester course that is accessible to undergraduate students. Narrow focus a project-oriented course the “fun” part of studying compilers Relatively simple source language but powerful enough to be interesting and challenging Target is virtual machine with stack-based architecture simplifies code generation eliminates having to deal with general-purpose registers ©SoftMoore Consulting

Decisions, Decisions, Decisions Target Audience? undergraduate students? graduate students? compiler professionals? This course: advanced undergraduate students also useful as basic introduction to graduate students Prerequisite? programming experience in both high-level and low-level languages basic knowledge of algorithms and data structures (recursion, lists, stacks, hash tables, etc.) ©SoftMoore Consulting

Decisions, Decisions, Decisions (continued) Amount of Theory? comprehensive versus minimal? This course: minimal (must be able to understand and analyze context-free grammars) Tools? scanner generators? parser generators? examples: Antlr, Coco/R, Flex/Bison, Lex/Yacc, JavaCC no tools other than compiler and IDE (e.g., Java and Eclipse) ©SoftMoore Consulting

Decisions, Decisions, Decisions (continued) Approach to parsing (check program for valid syntax)? top down versus bottom up (or both)? hard-coded versus table driven (or both)? number of lookahead tokens? This course: hard-coded recursive descent (top down) with one token lookahead Intermediate Representation(s)? high-level versus low level (or both)? target machine independent? abstract syntax trees (high-level, target machine independent) ©SoftMoore Consulting

Decisions, Decisions, Decisions (continued) Source Language? real programming language (e.g., C++, Java, Python, etc.)? subset of real programming language? simple language designed for teaching basics of compiler design This course: CPRL (Compiler PRoject Language) Implementation Language (language used to write the compiler)? flexible, but Java is recommended. Slides, handouts, and skeletal code will use Java. ©SoftMoore Consulting

Decisions, Decisions, Decisions (continued) Target Language? real machine versus virtual machine (e.g., JVM) machine code versus assembly language This course: assembly language (simplifies code generation) virtual machine (similar to JVM but simpler) ©SoftMoore Consulting

A Quote on LL(1) Recursive Descent Parsers “This pattern shows how to implement parsing decisions that use a single token of lookahead. It’s the weakest form of recursive-descent parser, but the easiest to understand and implement. If you can conveniently implement your language with this LL(1) pattern you should do so.” – Terence Parr ©SoftMoore Consulting

Course Project Implementation of a compiler for a small programming language Simple source language (CPRL) Simple target language (assembly language for CPRLVM, a simple stack-based virtual machine) Build a compiler one step at a time. Lots of template Java code to guide you through the process ©SoftMoore Consulting

Challenging Project Variations (for ambitious undergraduates or graduate students) Add one or more new features to the language enum types records/structures or classes pointers and dynamic memory allocation (heap) predefined environment with builtin procedures/functions (make Boolean a predefined enum type) Modify target language/machine real machine, or assembly language for a real machine (e.g., Intel x86) JVM or assembly language for JVM Common Language Runtime (part of Microsoft’s .NET Framework) C programming language (e.g., first C++ “compilers”) ©SoftMoore Consulting

Challenging Project Variations (continued) Implement the project in a language other than Java (e.g., Python or C#) Implement constraint analysis and code generation using the visitor design pattern Redesign code generation to allow for multiple targets use a universal, machine-independent back end (e.g., LLVM) use design patterns to create a code-generation factory ©SoftMoore Consulting