Motivation Through Equity, Expectancy, & Goal Setting Chapter 9 Motivation Through Equity, Expectancy, & Goal Setting Adam’s Equity Theory of Motivation Expectancy Theory of Motivating Through Goal Setting Putting Motivation Theories to Work

Negative and Positive Inequity 9-5 Figure 9-1 Negative and Positive Inequity A. An Equitable Situation Other Self $2 1 hour = $2 per hour $4 2 hours = $2 per hour McGraw-Hill © 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Negative and Positive Inequity 9-6 Figure 9-1 cont. Negative and Positive Inequity $2 1 hour = $2 per hour $3 = $3 per hour B. Negative Inequity Self Other McGraw-Hill © 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Negative and Positive Inequity 9-7 Figure 9-1 cont. Negative and Positive Inequity C. Positive Inequity Self Other $3 1 hour = $3 per hour $2 1 hours = $1 per hour McGraw-Hill © 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Organizational Justice 9-10 Organizational Justice Distributive Justice the perceived fairness of how resources and rewards are distributed Interactional Justice extent to which people feel fairly treated when procedures are implemented Procedural Justice the perceived fairness of the process and procedure used to make allocation decisions McGraw-Hill © 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Expectancy Theory of Motivation 9-11 Expectancy Theory of Motivation Expectancy Theory holds that people are motivated to behave in ways that produce valued outcomes McGraw-Hill © 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Vroom’s Expectancy Theory 9-12 Vroom’s Expectancy Theory Expectancy belief that effort leads to a specific level of performance Instrumentality a performance outcome perception Valence the value of a reward or outcome McGraw-Hill © 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Porter and Lawler’s Expectancy Model 9-14 Figure 9-2 Porter and Lawler’s Expectancy Model 1 Value of Reward 4 Abilities and traits 8 Perceived equitable rewards 7A Intrinsic rewards 6 Performance (accomplishment) 9 Satisfaction 3 Effort 7B Extrinsic rewards 2 Perceived effort - reward probability 5 Role perceptions McGraw-Hill © 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Goals 9-18 Goal what an individual is trying to accomplish McGraw-Hill © 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Locke’s Model of Goal Setting 9-19 Figure 9-3 Locke’s Model of Goal Setting Directing one’s attention Regulating one’s effort Task performance Goals motivate the individual by... Increasing one’s persistence Encouraging the development of goal- attainment strategies or action plans McGraw-Hill © 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.