Roosevelt and Taft Progressivism Section 8.2 (Appleby 300-307)

Today’s agenda Return and go over the GAT 6.1 Slide Show Homework Read 6.1 Make up any test you missed ASAP

Describe TR’s background. From wealthy NY family Sickly child Intelligent Athletic Suffered Tragedy shaped his life Rancher Police Chief NYC Assistant Secretary of Navy (1896) B. 1858 in wealth NY family Sickly and asthmatic child -ordered by Doc to smoke cigars -father instead put in stool, weights, & got TR to exercise Family vacationed in Europe Naturalist Home schooled Graduated from Harvard (Magna Cum Laude) Photographic memory Athletic Boxing, rowing, Dropped out of Columbia Law school and entered public life Lost first wife and mother on same day (1880) Bad Lands rancher Assistant Secretary of Navy (1896)

How did Roosevelt become the President? Spanish American War gave him national fame Governor of NY (Reformer) VP in 1900 A Do nothing position McKinley assassinated TR = 26th president Tecumseh's Curse “When Roosevelt attends a wedding, he wants to be the bride. When he attends a funeral, he wants to be the corpse.”

How did TR view his role as President. “Square Deal” Position to oversee that every citizen is treated fairly “bully pulpit” Position from which to preach his ideas Loose Constructionist Believed that if the Constitution did not specifically forbid a president from doing something, he could do it

Describe Northern Securities v. United States (1902). A Trust (Holding company) controlled by JP Morgan Holding co. bought majority of stock in another company and thereby controlled it IE. A Monopoly Controlled RR rates (1902) TR Viewed trusts as “malefactors of great wealth” Used Sherman Antitrust Act against RR monopoly & broke it up Gave TR label of a trust buster

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Describe TR’s actions during the Anthracite Coal Strike of 1902 1902 140, 000 coal miners went on strike Goal of United Mine Workers 8 hr. work day 20% pay raise Union recognition Company refused any negotiation George Baer – believed in “Divine Right of Bosses” TR threatens to nationalize the coal mines Outcome 9 hr. work day 10% pay raise No Union recognition

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How did TR attempt to regulate business? Gov. agencies created for consumer protection Department of Commerce and Labor (1903) Bureau of Standards Regulated weights & measures, Bureau of Corporations investigated interstate corporations Later called Federal Trade Commission (Wilson) Rooted out collusion, insider trading

How did TR attempt to protect the consumer? Meat Inspection Act of 1906 Authorized Secretary of Agriculture to inspect all meat products for human consumption Caused by public outcry from The Jungle by Upton Sinclair Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906 Forbade manufacture, sale adulterated foods and drugs and the mislabeling of products

How did TR attempt to conserve America’s resources? Concerned about wasteful use of resources Gifford Pinchot Chief Forester proposed planned management (conservationist) of resources John Muir Sierra Club proposed preservation TR used both views Doubled the amount of federally protected land

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