Delivering the Code for Sustainable Homes 9 Nov 2006 Emyr Poole Senior Projects Manager National Consultancy Unit

Key Points Aim: To establish a universal standard for sustainable housing that will replace and unify other standards including EcoHomes Fully resolved and authenticated Readily usable by the house building industry Well managed by independent organisation Affordable Widely recognised, respected and valued Bridge to Building Regs – signal long term trajectory Hurricane Katrina, the Asian Tsunami, Southern Sudan, Niger etc demonstrate how the environment can wreak havoc. None of these events can be blamed on climate change but as climate change kicks in we are going to be increasingly prone to major natural hazards. What these events demonstrate is how we are becoming increasingly vulnerable as we get richer and more dependant on the carbon economy. We are becoming less and less adaptable and more vulnerable The scale of devastation is growing exponentially and will threaten the economy – would it not be better to design sustainably in the first place Show slides of Nepal

The Cyril Sweett study : Aims Analysis of the cost implications of meeting Level 3 of the proposed Code for Sustainable Homes Understand sensitivity of costs to energy and water Identify relationship between cost and performance Evaluate potential for savings from Widespread adoption of technologies favoured by the Code Use of new technologies that could deliver higher performance more effectively Analyse the potential benefits of site wide solutions Hurricane Katrina, the Asian Tsunami, Southern Sudan, Niger etc demonstrate how the environment can wreak havoc. None of these events can be blamed on climate change but as climate change kicks in we are going to be increasingly prone to major natural hazards. What these events demonstrate is how we are becoming increasingly vulnerable as we get richer and more dependant on the carbon economy. We are becoming less and less adaptable and more vulnerable The scale of devastation is growing exponentially and will threaten the economy – would it not be better to design sustainably in the first place Show slides of Nepal

Study incredibly complicated 6 house types x 6 levels x 10 standards = 360 variations 108 credits 27 credits linked to mandatory standards The rest are tradable Each credit has a different weighting and all credits can be traded Significantly different from EcoHomes HELP : I’m a house builder get me out of here Hurricane Katrina, the Asian Tsunami, Southern Sudan, Niger etc demonstrate how the environment can wreak havoc. None of these events can be blamed on climate change but as climate change kicks in we are going to be increasingly prone to major natural hazards. What these events demonstrate is how we are becoming increasingly vulnerable as we get richer and more dependant on the carbon economy. We are becoming less and less adaptable and more vulnerable The scale of devastation is growing exponentially and will threaten the economy – would it not be better to design sustainably in the first place Show slides of Nepal

Method Show slides of Nepal 1. Select house types 2. Establish cost and performance baseline Hurricane Katrina, the Asian Tsunami, Southern Sudan, Niger etc demonstrate how the environment can wreak havoc. None of these events can be blamed on climate change but as climate change kicks in we are going to be increasingly prone to major natural hazards. What these events demonstrate is how we are becoming increasingly vulnerable as we get richer and more dependant on the carbon economy. We are becoming less and less adaptable and more vulnerable The scale of devastation is growing exponentially and will threaten the economy – would it not be better to design sustainably in the first place Show slides of Nepal 3. Identify environmental enhancements (energy, water and other) 4. Cost analysis of enhanced specifications 5. Application to different development scales 6. Review of measures to reduce costs 7. Summary, conclusions and proposals for further work

Costing Process Main exclusions Show slides of Nepal Based on 2006 compliant house types and prices Costs base of a volume house builder (5-10k homes per annum), building anything from 10-200 units Costs include main contractors preliminaries, fees, overheads, profit, contingency, etc) Main exclusions site works, VAT Impact of bulk purchasing – 5000 units (vary by technology from 5-60% - solar PV, hot water, GSHP, micro CHP, biomass boilers grey water recycling etc) No review of market expansion over next 10 years - technologies and prices will change in response to market: precedents for this Hurricane Katrina, the Asian Tsunami, Southern Sudan, Niger etc demonstrate how the environment can wreak havoc. None of these events can be blamed on climate change but as climate change kicks in we are going to be increasingly prone to major natural hazards. What these events demonstrate is how we are becoming increasingly vulnerable as we get richer and more dependant on the carbon economy. We are becoming less and less adaptable and more vulnerable The scale of devastation is growing exponentially and will threaten the economy – would it not be better to design sustainably in the first place Show slides of Nepal

Benchmark Prices Show slides of Nepal Home type Base cost £m2* Detached (4 bed) – 116m2 £785 Terraced (4 bed ) – 101m2 £740 Medium / high rise apartment (2 bed) – 88m2 £1,415 Design for manufacture (2 bed end terrace) £780** Design for manufacture (2 bed mid terrace) *Base costs for 2006 compliant property **Base costs for Design for Manufacture compliant property (improved energy performance and EcoHomes Excellent) Hurricane Katrina, the Asian Tsunami, Southern Sudan, Niger etc demonstrate how the environment can wreak havoc. None of these events can be blamed on climate change but as climate change kicks in we are going to be increasingly prone to major natural hazards. What these events demonstrate is how we are becoming increasingly vulnerable as we get richer and more dependant on the carbon economy. We are becoming less and less adaptable and more vulnerable The scale of devastation is growing exponentially and will threaten the economy – would it not be better to design sustainably in the first place Show slides of Nepal

Minimum standards Key elements Measures standards Show slides of Nepal Energy Fabric and appliances Above Part L 2006 Water Low flush, water efficiency Improvement on water efficiency regulation 120-135 litres per person p.d (review to begin shortly) Surface water management SUDS Peak runoff rates and annual run-off (green roofs, soak aways, water butts, permeable drainage) Construction & household waste Site management plans DTI best practice, waste to landfill target Provision of external bin storage, 0.8m3 per dwelling, composting etc Materials Inventory and impact of materials Responsible sourcing Avoid high impact materials in 80% of key elements (roofs, walls, floors, windows, doors) Reduce embodied impact Certified materials Hurricane Katrina, the Asian Tsunami, Southern Sudan, Niger etc demonstrate how the environment can wreak havoc. None of these events can be blamed on climate change but as climate change kicks in we are going to be increasingly prone to major natural hazards. What these events demonstrate is how we are becoming increasingly vulnerable as we get richer and more dependant on the carbon economy. We are becoming less and less adaptable and more vulnerable The scale of devastation is growing exponentially and will threaten the economy – would it not be better to design sustainably in the first place Show slides of Nepal

Tradable Standards Elements measures standards Show slides of Nepal Health and well being Daylighting Sound Min daylight factor of 2% in kitchen and 1.5% in living room, and view of sky Pre-completion testing and compliance Further credits for exceeding min standard Management Home user packs Considerate contractor Provide non technical on building performance Compliance CO2 site monitoring Secure by design Pollution Emissions Non ozone depleting or global warming gas emissions from insulating materials Low N0x heating systems Lifetime homes Access 16 Design features in Lifetime homes Ecology Ecological impact Value of site, impact of development on species number, density of development Hurricane Katrina, the Asian Tsunami, Southern Sudan, Niger etc demonstrate how the environment can wreak havoc. None of these events can be blamed on climate change but as climate change kicks in we are going to be increasingly prone to major natural hazards. What these events demonstrate is how we are becoming increasingly vulnerable as we get richer and more dependant on the carbon economy. We are becoming less and less adaptable and more vulnerable The scale of devastation is growing exponentially and will threaten the economy – would it not be better to design sustainably in the first place Show slides of Nepal

Minimum Standards Other mandatory requirements: Level 1 2 3 4 5 6 Control of run off Minimum green guide ratings Site waste management plans Provision of waste storage facilities Level 1 2 3 4 5 6 Energy (% improvement over ADL1 2006) 10% 18% 25% 44% 69% 100% Water (l per bedspace per year) 125 118 105 Hurricane Katrina, the Asian Tsunami, Southern Sudan, Niger etc demonstrate how the environment can wreak havoc. None of these events can be blamed on climate change but as climate change kicks in we are going to be increasingly prone to major natural hazards. What these events demonstrate is how we are becoming increasingly vulnerable as we get richer and more dependant on the carbon economy. We are becoming less and less adaptable and more vulnerable The scale of devastation is growing exponentially and will threaten the economy – would it not be better to design sustainably in the first place Show slides of Nepal

Energy measures considered Building Fabric (walls, windows, floor and roof) Heating (performance and controls) Ventilation Low carbon technologies (CHP and micro CHP) Renewable energy (solar thermal, PV, wind, biomass) Hurricane Katrina, the Asian Tsunami, Southern Sudan, Niger etc demonstrate how the environment can wreak havoc. None of these events can be blamed on climate change but as climate change kicks in we are going to be increasingly prone to major natural hazards. What these events demonstrate is how we are becoming increasingly vulnerable as we get richer and more dependant on the carbon economy. We are becoming less and less adaptable and more vulnerable The scale of devastation is growing exponentially and will threaten the economy – would it not be better to design sustainably in the first place Show slides of Nepal

Scenarios Energy efficiency measures followed by solar water heating then photovoltaics and then biomass Energy efficiency measures followed by small scale wind turbines then biomass Use of site wide energy solution (CHP) Also considered Micro CHP for houses (although not available on the market at present)

Energy costs to achieve Level 3 House type Scenario 1 – solar water heating Scenario 2 – small scale wind Scenario 3 –site wide energy Detached house £3,916 £1,693 £2,622 End terrace house £3,692 Low rise apartment £2,907 £1,600 £1,349 High rise apartment £5,952 £3,751 £1,695 DfM (Weber Haus) £120 DfM (SixtyK House) £0 Hurricane Katrina, the Asian Tsunami, Southern Sudan, Niger etc demonstrate how the environment can wreak havoc. None of these events can be blamed on climate change but as climate change kicks in we are going to be increasingly prone to major natural hazards. What these events demonstrate is how we are becoming increasingly vulnerable as we get richer and more dependant on the carbon economy. We are becoming less and less adaptable and more vulnerable The scale of devastation is growing exponentially and will threaten the economy – would it not be better to design sustainably in the first place Show slides of Nepal

Other energy saving measures Proprietary construction details Water efficiency measures Waste water heat recovery Ground / air source heat pumps Passive design Hurricane Katrina, the Asian Tsunami, Southern Sudan, Niger etc demonstrate how the environment can wreak havoc. None of these events can be blamed on climate change but as climate change kicks in we are going to be increasingly prone to major natural hazards. What these events demonstrate is how we are becoming increasingly vulnerable as we get richer and more dependant on the carbon economy. We are becoming less and less adaptable and more vulnerable The scale of devastation is growing exponentially and will threaten the economy – would it not be better to design sustainably in the first place Show slides of Nepal

Water measures considered WCs Taps Showers Baths Appliances Greywater Rainwater Options considered very low flow taps and low (4/2l) flush toilets EA recommend using 4.5 single flush (approved) and recycling only in flats Issues about what is acceptable to the householder Hurricane Katrina, the Asian Tsunami, Southern Sudan, Niger etc demonstrate how the environment can wreak havoc. None of these events can be blamed on climate change but as climate change kicks in we are going to be increasingly prone to major natural hazards. What these events demonstrate is how we are becoming increasingly vulnerable as we get richer and more dependant on the carbon economy. We are becoming less and less adaptable and more vulnerable The scale of devastation is growing exponentially and will threaten the economy – would it not be better to design sustainably in the first place Show slides of Nepal

Water costs Communal systems can significantly reduce costs of CSH Levels 5 and 6 for housing (see graph) CSH Level Water consumption House Apartment 1 and 2 125 ltr per day £0 3 and 4 118 ltr per day 5 and 6 105 ltr per day £2,520 £680 Hurricane Katrina, the Asian Tsunami, Southern Sudan, Niger etc demonstrate how the environment can wreak havoc. None of these events can be blamed on climate change but as climate change kicks in we are going to be increasingly prone to major natural hazards. What these events demonstrate is how we are becoming increasingly vulnerable as we get richer and more dependant on the carbon economy. We are becoming less and less adaptable and more vulnerable The scale of devastation is growing exponentially and will threaten the economy – would it not be better to design sustainably in the first place Show slides of Nepal

Water costs Show slides of Nepal Hurricane Katrina, the Asian Tsunami, Southern Sudan, Niger etc demonstrate how the environment can wreak havoc. None of these events can be blamed on climate change but as climate change kicks in we are going to be increasingly prone to major natural hazards. What these events demonstrate is how we are becoming increasingly vulnerable as we get richer and more dependant on the carbon economy. We are becoming less and less adaptable and more vulnerable The scale of devastation is growing exponentially and will threaten the economy – would it not be better to design sustainably in the first place Show slides of Nepal

Cost of achieving the CSH Hurricane Katrina, the Asian Tsunami, Southern Sudan, Niger etc demonstrate how the environment can wreak havoc. None of these events can be blamed on climate change but as climate change kicks in we are going to be increasingly prone to major natural hazards. What these events demonstrate is how we are becoming increasingly vulnerable as we get richer and more dependant on the carbon economy. We are becoming less and less adaptable and more vulnerable The scale of devastation is growing exponentially and will threaten the economy – would it not be better to design sustainably in the first place Show slides of Nepal

Costs – detached house Show slides of Nepal Hurricane Katrina, the Asian Tsunami, Southern Sudan, Niger etc demonstrate how the environment can wreak havoc. None of these events can be blamed on climate change but as climate change kicks in we are going to be increasingly prone to major natural hazards. What these events demonstrate is how we are becoming increasingly vulnerable as we get richer and more dependant on the carbon economy. We are becoming less and less adaptable and more vulnerable The scale of devastation is growing exponentially and will threaten the economy – would it not be better to design sustainably in the first place Show slides of Nepal

Costs – summary

Costs – summary (scenario 1) CSH Level Traditional detached Traditional end terrace Traditional low rise Traditional high rise 1 £765 (0.8%) £813 (1.1%) £510 (0.6%) £2,878 (2.3%) 2 £2,226 (2.4%) £2,556 (3.4%) £2,405 (3.0%) £3,805 (3.1%) 3 £4,950 (5.4%) £5,134 (6.8%) £3,789 (4.8%) £6,381 (5.1%) 4 £15,775 (17.3%) £15,884 (21.1%) £9,364 (11.8%) £17,673 (14.2%) 5 £25,302 (27.7%) £26,427 (35.1%) £32,945 (41.6%) £32,397 (26.0%) 6 £30,228 (33.1%) £30,067 (40.0%) £34,801 (43.9%) £33,635 (27.0%) Percentage increase is shown in brackets.

Comparison of CSH Level 3 and EcoHomes Very Good Detached house Low rise apartment Very Good Level 3 Additional cost Scenario 1 £ £500 £4,950 £4,450 £809 £3,789 £2,980 % 0.6% 5.4% 4.8% 0.9% 3.9% Scenario 2 £2,965 £2,465 £2,482 £1,673 3.3% 2.7% 3.1% 2.2% Scenario 3 £3,556 £3,056 £1,642 £833 2.1% 1.2% Reduction from ADL1A 0% >25% Water consumption 126 ltr 118 ltr -8 ltr

Potential Cost Reductions Innovation in approach and design Cost reduction from increased market size (experience curves) Use of new technologies and construction methods Bulk Purchasing – quotes very dramatically Site wide approaches and the growth of ESCO and MUSCO services – implications very interesting Scalability – Tattenhoe etc Hurricane Katrina, the Asian Tsunami, Southern Sudan, Niger etc demonstrate how the environment can wreak havoc. None of these events can be blamed on climate change but as climate change kicks in we are going to be increasingly prone to major natural hazards. What these events demonstrate is how we are becoming increasingly vulnerable as we get richer and more dependant on the carbon economy. We are becoming less and less adaptable and more vulnerable The scale of devastation is growing exponentially and will threaten the economy – would it not be better to design sustainably in the first place Show slides of Nepal

Rapid increase in use of key technologies in response to legislation Experience curves suggest an ~18% cost reduction for each doubling of market Micro CHP already being sold at around £1350 a unit for bulk orders

Emerging technologies Stores up to 100l Computer monitoring controls grey water quality Minimal space requirements Cost ~£2k Can be installed by standard wet trades Hurricane Katrina, the Asian Tsunami, Southern Sudan, Niger etc demonstrate how the environment can wreak havoc. None of these events can be blamed on climate change but as climate change kicks in we are going to be increasingly prone to major natural hazards. What these events demonstrate is how we are becoming increasingly vulnerable as we get richer and more dependant on the carbon economy. We are becoming less and less adaptable and more vulnerable The scale of devastation is growing exponentially and will threaten the economy – would it not be better to design sustainably in the first place Show slides of Nepal

Wind Low noise and vibration Hurricane Katrina, the Asian Tsunami, Southern Sudan, Niger etc demonstrate how the environment can wreak havoc. None of these events can be blamed on climate change but as climate change kicks in we are going to be increasingly prone to major natural hazards. What these events demonstrate is how we are becoming increasingly vulnerable as we get richer and more dependant on the carbon economy. We are becoming less and less adaptable and more vulnerable The scale of devastation is growing exponentially and will threaten the economy – would it not be better to design sustainably in the first place Show slides of Nepal Low noise and vibration Works better in low wind speeds than horizontal access More aesthetically pleasing 6kW (8,500 to 11,000 kWh) system ~£25k Payback +15 years

Fuel cells No / low emissions at point of generation Low noise Highly efficient CHP Carbon emissions dependent on source of hydrogen Not commercially viable but costs falling Hurricane Katrina, the Asian Tsunami, Southern Sudan, Niger etc demonstrate how the environment can wreak havoc. None of these events can be blamed on climate change but as climate change kicks in we are going to be increasingly prone to major natural hazards. What these events demonstrate is how we are becoming increasingly vulnerable as we get richer and more dependant on the carbon economy. We are becoming less and less adaptable and more vulnerable The scale of devastation is growing exponentially and will threaten the economy – would it not be better to design sustainably in the first place Show slides of Nepal

Impact of site wide options Options considered Wind CHP Biomass Wind – cheapest but not always suitable Biomass – expensive (~£70 per m2) CHP - Similar to micro CHP in cost and carbon saving New finance and funding mechanisms – off balance sheet EP already finding that costs aren’t as frightening as predicted – first 1000 carbon neutral homes Hurricane Katrina, the Asian Tsunami, Southern Sudan, Niger etc demonstrate how the environment can wreak havoc. None of these events can be blamed on climate change but as climate change kicks in we are going to be increasingly prone to major natural hazards. What these events demonstrate is how we are becoming increasingly vulnerable as we get richer and more dependant on the carbon economy. We are becoming less and less adaptable and more vulnerable The scale of devastation is growing exponentially and will threaten the economy – would it not be better to design sustainably in the first place Show slides of Nepal

Other issues Planning many regional and local authorities are planning or have implemented their own energy policies and targets Milton Keynes – off-set (50 times more cost effective than on-site renewables) GLA has minimum renewable target – 10% rising to 20% Other local authorities use EcoHomes (will they switch?) Other authorities have other standards covering a range of issues Planning and Building Regs must be coordinated or there could be chaos for industry Hurricane Katrina, the Asian Tsunami, Southern Sudan, Niger etc demonstrate how the environment can wreak havoc. None of these events can be blamed on climate change but as climate change kicks in we are going to be increasingly prone to major natural hazards. What these events demonstrate is how we are becoming increasingly vulnerable as we get richer and more dependant on the carbon economy. We are becoming less and less adaptable and more vulnerable The scale of devastation is growing exponentially and will threaten the economy – would it not be better to design sustainably in the first place Show slides of Nepal

How to get to our goal The aim is to deliver carbon neutral development as soon and as cost effectively as possible Fewer and clearer steps Very clear signal to the market (set out exactly when and what change will occur) Ensure planning is coordinated Give adequate time for supply chains to evolve Ensure regulation and legislation are in place Ensure that accreditation systems and capacity is in place Invest in Marketing/PR/Brand, win public support Be aware that this is not the cheapest or most efficient way to deliver carbon reductions Hurricane Katrina, the Asian Tsunami, Southern Sudan, Niger etc demonstrate how the environment can wreak havoc. None of these events can be blamed on climate change but as climate change kicks in we are going to be increasingly prone to major natural hazards. What these events demonstrate is how we are becoming increasingly vulnerable as we get richer and more dependant on the carbon economy. We are becoming less and less adaptable and more vulnerable The scale of devastation is growing exponentially and will threaten the economy – would it not be better to design sustainably in the first place Show slides of Nepal

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