The student knows the effects resulting from cyclical movements of TEK 8.7 Earth Cycles The student knows the effects resulting from cyclical movements of the Sun, Earth, and Moon.

The student is expected to: A) Model and illustrate how the tilted Earth rotates on its axis, causing day and night, and revolves around the Sun causing changes in seasons. B) Demonstrate and predict the sequence of events in the lunar cycle. C) Relate the position of the Moon and Sun to their effect on ocean tides.

Watch This Day and Night Day to Night Watch This Day and Night

Rotation vs. Revolution The spinning of a planet, moon, sun, or other object around its axis. 24 hours Rotates from west to east (Counter Clockwise) Reason for day and night One orbit of an object in space around another object in space, such as the moon around the Earth. 365 days Revolves counterclockwise Part of the reason for the seasons

Axis An imaginary line passing through the center (from north pole to south pole)of a planet around which the planet spins. Earth is tilted on its axis 23.5˚ This tilt plays a role in amount of daylight and darkness received and in seasons.

Rotation

Rotation 23.5˚

Polar Day Midnight Sun

Midnight Baseball

Polar Night

Revolution

Seasons -Caused by the tilt of the Earth and its revolution around the sun. -some areas of Earth experience 4 distinct seasons (winter, spring, summer, fall) -other areas experience consistent weather throughout the year (poles, equator).

Revolution of the Earth

Diagram Time- Draw This

Equinoxes Latin aequus = equal nox = night Vernal Autumnal March 20/21 Beginning of Spring September 22/23 Beginning of Fall Hours of daylight = hours of darkness

Solstices Summer Winter June 21/22 Beginning of Summer longest day/shortest night December 21/22 Beginning of Winter shortest day/longest night

Seasons

Watch This Seasons and the Sun

Seasons Seasons

Seasons Foldable Total possible points: 25 Label seasons (1pt/ season, total=4pts) Draw background depicting season (1 pt/season total=4pts) Label Equinoxes w/dates (1 pts/equinox, 1/date total=4pts) Label Solstices w/dates(1 pts/solstices, 1/date total=4pts) 20 pts off for no color Spring Vernal Equinox Mar. 20-22 Show position of Earth during all 4 seasons (1pt/season total=4pts) Show direction of Earth’s revolution using arrows (1 pt) Show and label tilt of the Earth (1pt) Sun on cover (1pt) Sun inside (1pt) “Seasons” Title (1pt)

Lunar Phases -Lunar phases are the result of our eyes seeing the illuminated half of the Moon at different times during the month -cycles through in approximately 29.53 days -each phase last approximately 3 days

Revolution and Rotation of the Moon Revolution = 27.3 days -counter clockwise Rotation = 27.3 days WE ALWAYS SEE THE SAME SIDE OF THE MOON!!!!!

Waxing Phase -the phase in which the moon becomes more illuminated -begins with new moon, ends with full moon

Waning Phase -the phase in which the moon becomes less illuminated.

Wax On, Wane Off **** Phases of the moon always Wax (turn on) and Wane (turn off) from RIGHT to LEFT****

Crescent -when a small slice of the moon is illuminated

Waxing Crescent

1st and 3rd Quarters When ¼ of the moon is illuminated. -1st quarter occurs in waxing phase -3rd quarter occurs in waning phase

1st Quarter

Gibbous Gibbous- (latin “humpback”) When more than ¼ of the moon is visible

Waxing Gibbous

Full Moon

Waning Gibbous

3rd Quarter

Waning Crescent

8 Phases of the Moon New moon waxing crescent 1st quarter waxing gibbous Full moon waning gibbous 3rd quarter waning crescent

Diagram Time **Always begin identifying where the New Moon will be, and move counter clockwise in order**

Diagram Time **Always begin identifying where the New Moon will be, and move counter clockwise in order**

Watch This Watch This!!

D O C D O C

Tides -the rise and fall of sea levels caused by the combined effects of the gravitational forces exerted by the Moon and the Sun and the rotation of the Earth. -occur 4 times a day -every 6 hours

Spring Tides Occur during full moon and new moon. the high tides are very high and the low tides are very low

Spring Tide

Neap Tides -occurs during quarter moons -results is a smaller difference between high and low tides.

Neap Tide

High Tide vs. Low Tide