Chapter 3: Molecules of Life Functional Groups, Monomers, and Polymers 3.1-3.3 Pgs. 33-36 Objective: I can name AND describe the process of forming/building polymers (macromolecules) and the process of breaking down/splitting polymers(macromol)

Organic Molecules (so which bond?) mostly covalent Molecule formed by living organisms Has carbon (carbon-based lifeforms) Most = hydrocarbons; All have carbon skeleton (but not all carbon = organic) Carbon is good, because… Has four valence electrons Forms 4 covalent bonds Can form large, complex molecules (shapes) Quick chalkboard example Shape  Structure  Function

Macromolecules LARGE organic molecules (chains/rings) Provide structure of cell Help run cell 4 classes/categories: Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids Are these living organisms? No

Structure of a Macromolecule ALL macromolecules are a type of polymer Polymer: large molecule built of smaller repeating units linked/chained together Monomer: individual subunits that repeat and link/chain up to make polymer dimer trimer tetramer (polymer) Polymer Monomer Functional Groups

Functional Groups Groups of atoms that have special properties (polar  hydrophilic, etc.) “Hang off edge” of macromolecule – give its identity by providing function ?  Most often found in carbohydrates  Most often found in lipids  Most often found in proteins  Most often found in nucleic acids H and OH on the edge of a macromolecule perform an important function! Phosphate group

Building a Macromolecule Dehydration synthesis (a.k.a. reaction) Takes H from one monomer and OH from another monomer together Removes H2O (dehydration) Bonds the two monomers together (synthesis) covalent Requires energy Aided by an enzyme – special type of protein that speeds up chemical reactions

Breaking a Macromolecule Hydrolysis Brings in water (hydro-) to a polymer Splits covalent bond in polymers (-lyse) H goes to one monomer OH goes to other monomer Releases energy Also aided by an enzyme http://resource.rockyview.ab.ca/t4t/bio20/mm/m7/hydrolysis/Bio20_Hydrolysis_Final.swf http://video.lonestar.edu/media/nhscience/dehydrat/dehydrat.html http://www.bcconline.com/biol10rs/Pearson-Animations/monomers_and_polymers.swf http://www2.nl.edu/jste/lipids.htm http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UyDnnD3fMaU

Activity – Acting out D.S. and H. 4 (or less) people per group Make colored “cards” to represent (3 colors) 3 Monomers Polymer OH group H atom H2O Bonds Energy Show monomers becoming polymers through Dehydration Synthesis Then show the polymer breaking back down to monomers through Hydrolysis