HIST 1123 History of the Late Medieval World Dr Niall Christie Office Hours: Tuesday and Thursday, 1330-1420; Wednesday, 1430-1730; or by appointment Copy of outline on the web at: <http://www3.telus.net/nchristi/HIST1123outline.html>

Political Developments The Rise of Christianity Education and Culture Social History

Map Link: Reference Map of the European Provinces of the Roman Empire: <http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/historical/shepherd_1911/ shepherd-c-038-039.jpg>

Political Developments 3rd c. Roman Empire encountering difficulties 284-305 Reign of Diocletian 306-37 Reign of Constantine Constantinople

Map Link: Map of the Tetrarchy: <http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb /0/07/Tetrarchy_map3.jpg/789px-Tetrarchy_map3.jpg>

Political Developments 3rd c. Start of barbarian invasions of Roman Empire 410 Visigoths sack Rome 455 Vandals sack Rome 475-76 Reign of Romulus Augustulus as last western Roman emperor

Political Developments Merovingians Carolingians Charlemagne (r. 768-814) Capetians Holy Roman Empire Feudal System

Map Links: Growth of Frankish Power, 481-814: <http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/historical/shepherd/ frankish_power_481_814.jpg> France about 1035: <http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/historical/shepherd_1911/ shepherd-c-061.jpg>

Map Links: Empire of Otto the Great: <http://www.thenagain.info/WebChron/WestEurope/ OttonianEmpire.png> Europe and the Byzantine Empire about 1000: <http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/historical/shepherd_1911/ shepherd-c-058-059.jpg>

Rise of Christianity 303 Last great persecution of Christians under Diocletian 306-37 Reign of Constantine 379-95 Reign of Theodosius I Church Fathers: St Ambrose (c. 339-97), St Jerome (c. 342-420), St Augustine of Hippo (354-430) 590-604 Pontificate of Gregory I (the Great)

Rise of Christianity Secular clergy (saeculum) Pope Archbishops Patriarchs of Jerusalem, Constantinople, Antioch and Alexandria Archbishops Bishops Priests Deacons Subdeacons, Lectors, Acolytes, Doorkeepers, Exorcists, etc.

Rise of Christianity Holy Rule of St Benedict of Nursia (c. 450-543) Regular clergy (regula) Involvement of church in individual’s life

Rise of Christianity Other issues: Relations of church and state Corrupt nature of papacy in 10th c., with attempts by German emperors to sort this out Simony Clerical marriage

Rise of Christianity Other issues: Monastic reform movement in 10th c. led by Cluny Millennial expectations

Education and Culture Mostly under church auspices Latin and non-Latin works Various genres of writing Various forms of art, incl. manuscript illuminations, architectural decoration

Education and Culture Charlemagne (r. 768-814) Louis the Pious (r. 814-40) Alcuin of York (c. 735-804) The Venerable Bede (672/73-735) Ecclesiastical History of the English People

Map Link: The Spanish Kingdoms 1030: <http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/historical/ spanish_kingdoms_1030.jpg>

Social History manorial/seignorial system 9th-11th c. peasants becoming serfs in exchange for protection

Social History 10th-11th c. Growth of towns End 11th c. Towns obtaining privileges from lords in exchange for rents Women: position in mediaeval society?

Map Link: Europe and the Mediterranean Lands about 1097: <http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/historical/shepherd/ europe_mediterranean_1097.jpg>

Possible Reasons for Christian Revival Perceived corruption of church Fear of impending Day of Judgment Clearer definition of Purgatory

Pilgrimage Destinations: Jerusalem Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah (r. 996-1021) Santiago de Compostela (St James of Compostela) Rome

Peace of God, c. 1000 to 12th c. Truce of God, mid 11th c. Church and surrounding lands as sanctuaries

Growth of number of hermits in 11th c. Increasing numbers of anchorites and anchoresses in 12th c.

Primary Sources: written by people living at time or soon after Secondary Sources: Works of interpretation or analysis written long after the fact Important to read critically, with eyes open for agendas, biases, etc. Applies to both primary and secondary sources, as well as newspapers, TV, web sites, etc

Reading (Primary) Sources Context Who wrote this? Where and when? Was the author an eyewitness? Why was it written? To whom is it addressed? Who are they?

Reading (Primary) Sources Classify Source What sort of work is it? What is its purpose (stated or not)? Is it following a traditional structure or mould?

Reading (Primary) Sources Understand Source What are the key words? Meaning? What is the author’s point? What evidence is provided? What assumptions are made? What values are expressed? What problems are addressed? Context? What reaction is expected/hoped for?

Reading (Primary) Sources Evaluate Source How typical is the source? How widely did it circulate? Does it share views/values/ideas/arguments with others from period? Can you find other evidence to corroborate your conclusions?