Chapter 5 The Indus & Huang He Valleys Lessons 1 & 2

Essential Questions How do rivers influence the way people live? What advancements in technology help civilizations grow?

Key Vocabulary Loess Ancestor Oracle bone Standardize Tyrant mandate Subcontinent Artisan Urban planning Citadel Granary Assimilate monsoon Loess Ancestor Oracle bone Standardize Tyrant mandate

Early Civilization The Indus Valley is very similar to the Nile River Valley relied on a river…………. Indus River Each spring, the river floods and leaves behind fertile soil Located in present-day India, Pakistan, Bangladesh The name of the civilization that flourished was the HARAPPAN CIVILIZATION

Early Civilization The first farming villages were built on large mounds to keep them out of the flood waters Over time, these villages grew in size and formed cities. Harappa – one of the 1st Indus cities discovered Large walls surround Harappa to regulate trade and defend against enemies. Commercial, or trade, center

The Indus Economy Indus people traded with Artisans produced Local farms (cotton, lumber, grain & livestock) Asia, Mesopotamia & Persian Gulf region Artisans produced Jewelry, game pieces, trimmings for furniture Copper & bronze tools Figurines made of clay, silver, or limestone For transportation: Pack animals, river barges, & carts

Mohenjo-Daro A model of urban planning, or thoughtful design. The streets were laid out in a grid system The citadel had a large public bathhouse Artisans made items for everyday use and decoration The people stored their grain in large buildings called granaries Large buildings were made of oven-baked bricks People often met outside the city to trade for goods from other places

Design Your Futuristic City Your city must include: Grid system Granary Citadel on higher ground Walls Public bathhouse Garbage system Sewer system Houses built on mounds Open courtyards Rooftop cooking Awnings

Huang He, or Yellow River The Huang He Valley Huang He, or Yellow River Called the “Yellow River” because of the sandy yellow soil, or loess (perfect for farming) Archaeologists have not found ANY evidence of the “Xia dynasty,” but it is SAID that Yu the Great was able to divert the river’s flood waters. This is known as a legend, or story handed down from earlier times

The Shang Dynasty Tang the Successful took control of 1,800 villages Took control with armies…by force Very tall walls that surrounded most of their cities Bronze, Bronze, Bronze

Religion: Many gods (polytheism) Wind, rain, fire Directions: N,S,E,W Chief god = Shang Di “god on high” Ancestors, or deceased relatives would speak to gods for them Oracle bones: answered questions about the future Usually on a turtle shell Writings of the diviner, a person whom the gods spoke to

Early Chinese Writing Made up of characters, or symbols The writing represents whole words and not sounds, or letters Similar to Egyptian hieroglyphics, OPPOSITE of cuneiform Written on bronze containers and oracle bones In the Qin dynasty, writing became standardized

Shang dynasty lasted 600+ years with 31 kings The Fall of the Shang Shang dynasty lasted 600+ years with 31 kings King Zhouxin was a tyrant, or ruler who controls through cruelty Built expensive palaces instead of caring for his people Zhou (tribe) overthrew the king Wu, the leader told them to do so Thought the Shang did not have virtues, or right actions and thinking Zhou thought they could keep the mandate, or right to rule, as long as they were virtuous

ZHOU SHANG LASTED OVER 600 YEARS OVERTHROWN BY THE ZHOU KING ZHOUXIN WAS A TYRANT 31 DIFFERENT KINGS TANG WAS THE 1ST KING ORACLE BONES BELIEVED THEY HAD MORE VIRTUES THAN THE SHANG TOOK OVER THE SHANG BELIEVED THEY HAD THE RIGHT TO RULE (MANDATE) THEY WERE A TRIBE KINGS POLYTHEISM INFLUENCE ON MODERN CHINA HUANG HE VALLEY