The Circulatory System Period 7

Circulatory System or Cardiovascular System

What is it? A system responsible for the distribution of: Blood Nutrients (amino acids and electrolytes) Hormones Oxygen Other gases

Main Functions Allows blood to flow through the body, carrying nutrients to and from cells. In addition to blood, the circulatory system moves lymph, which is a clear fluid that helps rid the body of unwanted material.

Cardiovascular Component Heart Blood Blood Vessels The heart is a muscular pump, it’s main function is to propel blood throughout the body.

Chambers of the Human Heart There are 4 chambers of the Human Heart: Right Atrium (receives deoxygenated blood from the body) Right Ventricle (pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs) Left Ventricle (receives oxygenated blood from the lungs) Left Atrium (pumps oxygenated blood into the body)

Circulatory Pathways Two Systems: Pulmonary Circuit (lungs) Systemic Circuit (rest of the body)

Pulmonary Circulation Lungs A "loop" through the lungs where blood is oxygenated. The pulmonary circulatory system sends oxygen depleted blood away from the heart through the pulmonary artery to the lungs and returns oxygenated blood to the heart through the pulmonary veins.

Pulmonary Circuit Deoxygenated blood: Blood that has exchanged oxygen for carbon dioxide, contains mostly carbon dioxide Blood enters Right Atrium from the rest of the body Blood drains into Right Ventricle Right ventricle contracts, forcing deoxygenated blood into pulmonary artery

Systemic Circulation Arteries Veins Coronary and Portal Vessels Runs through the body to provide oxygenated blood. The blood from heart services the body's cells and then re-enters the heart.

Components of Blood Plasma Liquid component Consists of water, sugar, fat, proteins and salt Transports cells, waste, antibodies, clotting proteins, etc. Red blood cells Most abundant cell in blood Bioconcave disk with no nucleus, allows travel through small vessels Carries oxygen, throughout and returns carbon dioxide White blood cells Protects body from infection, one type targets infectious cells/tumors, other type targets bacteria/viruses Platelets Small fragments of cells Help with clotting

Arteries Vs. Veins Carries oxygenated blood Can handle high pressure Red blood vessels Carries blood away from the heart Located deeper in the body Rigid cell walls Carries deoxygenated blood Layered with semilunar valves that prevent blood flow in the opposite direction Blue blood vessels Carries blood to the heart Located close to the surface Collapsible cell walls

Blood Pressure The pressure of blood against blood vessel walls in the circulatory system. Regulated by changes in diameter of blood vessels in response to changes in the cardiac output and stroke volume. Cardiac output is the volume of blood being pumped by the heart, in particular by a left or right ventricle in the time interval of one minute. Stroke volume is the volume of blood pumped from one ventricle of the heart with each beat.

Homeostasis Capillaries dilate, allowing heat from the blood to radiate off of the skin and out of the body (counteracts heat) Prevents overheating Your heart will beat faster and pump more blood to the cells that need the oxygen while exercising Your cells use up more oxygen during exercise so oxygen needs to be moved through the body quicker

Disorders Related to the Circulatory System Atherosclerosis - hardening of plaque on walls of blood vessels causes them to become less stretchy. Causes high blood pressure, kidney damage, heart damage, stroke. How to avoid: refrain from eating foods high in fat.

Disorders Related to the Circulatory System Hemophilia - deficiency in factor VIII, an essential protein for clotting blood. Causes anemia, excessive bleeding.

Interaction with Respiratory System The Circulatory system pumps blood into the lungs where carbon dioxide is taken from blood cells and oxygen is imputed back in for the cells to distribute to the body. The lungs then release the blood cells back into the heart and rest of the body to spread oxygen.

Interaction with the Digestive System The Digestive System breaks down food into key nutrients and other smaller molecules. These molecules are then deposited in the bloodstream and distributed to other areas of the body where nutrients are needed.

Sources http://www.webmd.com/heart/chambers-of-the-heart http://www.livescience.com/22486-circulatory-system.html http://www.peteducation.com/article.cfm?c=16+2160&aid=2951 http://www.dummies.com/how-to/content/the-path-of-blood-through-the-human-body.html http://www.hematology.org/Patients/Basics/ http://kidshealth.org/en/parents/heart.html http://cardiosystemweebly.weebly.com/maintaining-homeostasis.html https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20090105185827AAi8tEg https://www.reference.com/science/circulatory-respiratory-systems-work-together-b3a3b7c7e214bb# https://www.boundless.com/biology/textbooks/boundless-biology-textbook/the-circulatory-system- 40/blood-flow-and-blood-pressure-regulation-227/blood-pressure-855-12100/