11 The Cardiovascular System Lesson 11.1: Heart Anatomy and the Function of the Cardiovascular System Lesson 11.2: Regulation of the Heart Lesson 11.3: Blood Vessels and Circulation Lesson 11.4: Heart Disease

Heart Anatomy and the Function of the Cardiovascular System Chapter 11: The Cardiovascular System Lesson 11.1 Heart Anatomy and the Function of the Cardiovascular System

Do Now Grab your folders. Begin working on your “Learning the Key Terms” worksheet. Chapter 11 Lesson 1 vocab is on page 374. You have 8 minutes to complete the worksheet. Turn in the worksheet to Mr. B when you are finished.

Today’s Objectives Describe the function of the cardiovascular system. Describe the location, size, and structures of the heart. Outline the flow of blood through the cardiopulmonary system. Describe how blood flows from the arteries to the veins.

Anatomy and the Function of the Cardiovascular System What We’re Covering Today: the heart: location and size the four chambers of the heart the heart valves blood flow through the heart walls of the heart cardiac cycle cardiac output

Intro: Cardiovascular system – also called the circulatory system. Contains: The heart, blood vessels, and blood. The system transports oxygen, hormones, and other nutrients to cells and rids the body of carbon dioxide. Functions: Transportation of oxygen Removal of carbon dioxide Regulation of body temperature Maintain of body’s acid-base balance Transportation of hormones Assistance with immune function

The Heart: Location and Size The heart is the hardest working organ in the human body. The human heart beats 3 billion times in a person’s lifetime. Located in the thoracic cavity above the diaphragm, and between the lungs About the size of a clenched fist weighs 8–10 ounces in women Weighs 10-12 ounces in men

The Heart: Location and Size

The Four Chambers of the Heart The heart is divided into four chambers: right atrium right ventricle left atrium left ventricle The two atria act as low-pressure collecting chambers and are separated by the interatrial septum The two ventricles act as powerful pumps and are separated by the interventricular septum.

The Four Chambers of the Heart The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the venous system from the inferior vena cava and the superior vena cava. The right ventricle then pumps the blood to the lungs. The left atrium receives the oxygenated blood from the lungs and then the left ventricle pumps the blood through the aorta.

The Heart Valves The heart has 4 major valves. These valves only allow blood to flow in one direction. atrioventricular (AV) valves Located between the atria and the ventricles Tricuspid – has three flaps bicuspid (mitral) – has two flaps semilunar valves Allows for blood to flow from the ventricles to the lungs and the rest of the body. Pulmonary – located at the opening of the pulmonary artery on the right side of the heart. Aortic – located at the opening of the aorta on the left side of the hear.

Review and Assessment Match these words with 1–4 below: tricuspid, thoracic cavity, ventricle, aortic. 1. atrioventricular valve 2. semilunar valve 3. location of heart 4. heart chamber

Blood Flow through the Heart (1) deoxygenated blood flows from the body to the inferior and superior vena cavae to right atrium (2) right atrium contracts, forcing blood through the tricuspid valve to right ventricle (3) right ventricle contracts, forcing blood through the pulmonary valve, to the pulmonary artery (4) blood exits to the lungs

Blood Flow through the Heart (continued) (5) oxygenated blood from lungs travels through the pulmonary veins to the left atrium (6) left atrium contracts, forcing blood through the mitral valve to the left ventricle (7) left ventricle contracts, forcing blood through the aortic valve (8) blood passes to the aorta (9) blood travels out to parts of the body

Blood Flow through the Heart

Walls of the Heart The heart has three layers or walls. epicardium outermost layer myocardium middle layer Makes up about 2/3 of the heart muscle. endocardium inner layer, that lines the interior of the heart chambers and covers the valves of the heart.

Cardiac Cycle Cardiac cycle consists of two phases: Contraction and relaxation. diastole Ventricle relax, atria contract Chambers fill with blood systole Ventricles contract, atria relax Chambers pump blood out of the heart mean arterial pressure overall pressure within cardiovascular system

Cardiac Output The amount of blood pumped by heart in 1 minute measured in liters/minute stroke volume amount of blood pumped in 1 beat heart rate number of beats per minute

Review and Assessment True or False? 1. The ventricles contract in diastole. 2. Stroke volume is measured in beats/minute. 3. The epicardium is the inner heart layer. 4. Deoxygenated blood enters the left atrium. 5. The aortic valve is in the left ventricle.

END

Exit Ticket 1. The myocardium is the __________. a. sac surrounding the heart b. thick, muscular wall of the heart c. inner lining of the heart d. septum between the chambers of the heart 2. The bicuspid valve is located between the ____. a. right and left ventricles b. left atrium and left ventricle c. left and right atria d. left ventricle and the aorta

3) Which of the following is NOT a function of the cardiovascular system? a. transportation of oxygen b. removal of carbon dioxide c. regulates body temperature d. provides support to the blood vessels

4) In the cardiac cycle (contraction and relaxation), which stage is characterized by a period of relaxation? a. diastole b. systole c. diastolic pressure d. vasodilation

Regulation of the Heart Chapter 11: The Cardiovascular System Lesson 11.2 Regulation of the Heart

Do Now Grab your folders. Begin working on your “Learning the Key Terms” worksheet. Chapter 11 Lesson 2 vocab is on page 381. You have 8 minutes to complete the worksheet. Turn in the worksheet to Mr. B when you are finished.

Today’s Objectives Describe the mechanisms that regulate the heart. Describe different types of arrhythmia, or abnormal contractility conditions that can be detected via electrocardiogram. Identify the components of the conduction system of the heart.

Regulation of the Heart The heart is regulated by three different mechanisms. One inside the heart; the other two outside of the heart: internal control of the heart external control the conduction system

Internal Control of the Heart sinoatrial node Known as the “pacemaker” or the SA Node*** Located at the top of the right atrium sends electrical impulse that tells the heart to beat tells heart to beat 60–100 bpm

External Control of the Heart the cardiac center sympathetic nerve system speeds up the heart rate*** parasympathetic nerve system slows down the heart rate Parasympathetic dominant branch at rest which is why your heart rate is low at rest. the endocrine system some hormones speed up the heart rate Epinephrine and norepinephrine increases heart rate

The Conduction System SA node AV node bundle of His bundle branches–right and left Purkinje fibers

The Conduction System Conduction is the process of conveying or transmitting types of energy, such as electrical impulses***. Includes two areas of nodal tissue and a network of conduction fibers. These structures allow the electrical impulses formed by the SA node to travel to the ventricles, telling them to contract.

The Conduction System The electrical impulse travels to the left atrium and goes through the atrioventricular node (AV Node) Once the electrical impulse leaves the AV node, it is carried through conducting fibers called the bundle of His.

Electrocardiogram Known as an ECG or EKG Recording of the electrical activity of the heart It illustrates what is happening electrically depolarize–contract repolarize–relax

Review and Assessment Match these words with 1–4 below: parasympathetic, EKG, SA node, sympathetic. 1. speed up 2. slow down 3. pacemaker 4. electrical activity of the heart

Cardiac Arrhythmias normal contractility condition sinus rhythm A normal healthy heart follows a steady rhythm. abnormal contractility condition arrhythmia ventricle or atria contraction is not normal A beat can arrive too soon or beat in an abnormal way.

Cardiac Arrhythmias bradycardia tachycardia slow heart beat – less than 60 bpm tachycardia fast heart beat – above 100 bpm premature atrial contraction (PACs) atria contracts before SA node Can be caused by caffeine or stress

Cardiac Arrhythmias atrial fibrillation atria contract faster than 350 bpm premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) ventricles contract too soon ventricular tachycardia (VT) ventricles, rather than SA node, cause beat

Cardiac Arrhythmias ventricular fibrillation (VF) heart block ventricles contract faster than 350 bpm heart block impulse from SA node to AV node are delayed or blocked. first–impulse delayed second–intermittently blocked third–completely blocked

Defibrillators and Life-Threatening Arrhythmias automatic external defibrillator (AED) Produces an electric shock stops heart and allows the heart to start normal rhythm anyone can use one

Review and Assessment Fill in the blanks with: Tachycardia, Atrial fibrillation, Bradycardia, or Defibrillator. 1. _______________ is fast heart beat. 2. _______________ is slow heart beat. 3. _______________ is atria beating more than 350 bpm. 4. A(n) _______________ stops the heart so it can reset.

END

Exit Ticket The “pacemaker” of the heart is the _____. a. mitral valve b. atrioventricular node c. sinoatrial node d. bundle of His 2) Sympathetic nerve fibers stimulate the SA node, which ___. a. increases the heart rate. b. decreases the heart rate. c. causes the ventricles to contract. d. makes the heart rate irregular.

3) Which of the following is not considered a component of the heart conduction system? a. sinoatrial node b. epicardium c. Purkinje fibers d. atrioventricular node

4) T or F: Conduction is the process of conveying or transmitting types of energy, such as electrical impulses.

Blood Vessels and Circulation Chapter 11: The Cardiovascular System Lesson 11.3 Blood Vessels and Circulation

Do Now Grab your folders. Begin working on your “Learning the Key Terms” worksheet. Chapter 11 Lesson 3 vocab is on page 396. You have 8 minutes to complete the worksheet. Turn in the worksheet to Mr. B when you are finished.

Today’s Objectives Identify the differences among the three types of vessels. Outline the flow of blood through the cardiopulmonary system. Describe how blood flows from the arteries to the veins. Describe how the veins return blood to the heart. Describe the distribution of blood at rest and during exercise.

Intro Three types of blood vessels form a closed loop of tubes that carry blood from the heart to the rest of the body and back to the heart. Vessels: Arteries Capillaries Veins Subdivisions Arterioles Venules

Blood Vessels and Circulation blood vessels: the transport network circulation: moving blood around the body taking vital signs know your numbers

Blood Vessels: The Transport Network structure and function of vessels

The Three Layers of Blood Vessels tunica intima innermost layer tunica media middle layer tunica externa outermost layer

Differences between Arteries and Veins

Capillaries exchange vessels capillary bed precapillary sphincters gas moves between tissue and blood capillary bed network of exchange vessels precapillary sphincters close off capillary bed as needed

Circulation: Moving Blood around the Body cardiopulmonary circulation between heart and lungs systemic circulation between heart and body

Circulation: Moving Blood around the Body

Review and Assessment True or False? 1. Systemic circulation moves blood to lungs. 2. Capillaries are exchange vessels. 3. The tunica intima is the innermost layer. 4. Arteries move blood away from the heart. 5. Veins move blood toward the heart.

Cardiac Circulation coronary arteries left right coronary sinus

Hepatic Portal Circulation maintains proper levels in the blood carbohydrate fat protein

Arteries

Veins

Fetal Circulation placenta vena cava right atrium foramen ovale right ventricle ductus arteriosus

Taking Vital Signs taking your pulse measuring blood pressure find radial, carotid or brachial artery count beats for 15 seconds, multiply by 4 measuring blood pressure stethoscope, sphygmomanometer systolic/diastolic pressure Joseph Dilag/Shutterstock.com, Ilya Andriyanov/Shutterstock.com

Know Your Numbers weight blood pressure cholesterol body mass index–weight to height blood pressure systolic/diastolic–110/70 mmHg cholesterol LDLs and HDLs

Review and Assessment Match these words with 1–4 below: foramen ovule, cholesterol, pulse, blood pressure. 1. systolic/diastolic 2. fetal circulation 3. LDLs and HDLs 4. carotid artery

Chapter 11: The Cardiovascular System Lesson 11.4 Heart Disease

Heart Disease Intro Cardiovascular diseases account for one in six deaths in the United States – approximately 2,200 deaths per day. Someone will have a heart attack or chest pain every 25 seconds! Heart disease costs the United States $300 billion dollars annually.

Heart Disease valve abnormalities diseases ending in -itis heart failure diseases of the arteries

Heart Disease heart attack hypertension peripheral vascular disease stroke

Valve Abnormalities heart murmurs valvular stenosis valves do not close properly valvular stenosis narrowed, stiff heart valve mitral valve prolapse mitral valve does not fully close palpitations

Diseases Ending in -itis pericarditis inflammation of heart sac myocarditis inflammation of heart muscle endocarditis inflammation of heart lining and valves

Heart Failure heart cannot pump blood fluid backs up in lungs liver limbs gastrointestinal tract

Diseases of the Arteries aneurysms weakened artery bulges, may break coronary artery disease atherosclerosis angina pectoris ischemia

Heart Attack myocardial infarction treatment plaque blocks a cardiac artery treatment aspirin as soon as symptoms appear 20–60 minute window for treatment

Heart Attack

Heart Disease hypertension peripheral vascular disease stroke blood pressure above 140/90 mmHg peripheral vascular disease lack of circulation in legs stroke blockage of brain blood flow ischemic stroke hemorrhagic stroke transient ischemic attack (TIA)

Review and Assessment True or False? 1. Hypertension is 120/80 mmHg. 2. Aspirin helps in a heart attack. 3. An aneurysm is a weakened artery. 4. Myocarditis affects the heart wall. 5. In a heart murmur the valves do not close properly.