Welcome to Arduino A Microcontroller

Notes This material has been put together by the Outreach coordinator of the School of Engineering and Computer Studies (SECS) at Victoria University of Wellington (VUW), New Zealand. It is free to distribute and pass on to all who may find it useful. The author of this presentation and supporting documents can be reached at: john.barrow@vuw.ac.nz

Learning Objectives Learning objective: to be able to install Arduino microcontrollers Learning outcome: students can find the software, install it and set the board so they can then upload to an Arduino board This is lesson ‘01’ as it is most likely in schools this step will already be setup for students. The concept behind this lesson is that students can and should be able to do this at home. This resource is so that after school clubs and other organisations (even students at home) can use this if required The blink test at the end is an introduction only, and is intended that the students get to do something physical/practical in the class!

What is Arduino? An open source platform (from Italy) At its heart is a microcontroller, a computer on a chip It is in effect a small computer A microcontroller (sometimes abbreviated µC, uC or MCU) is a small computer on a single integrated circuit containing a processor core, memory, and programmable input/output peripherals. The majority of microcontrollers in use today are embedded in other machinery, such as automobiles, telephones, appliances (washing machine, microwave…), and peripherals for computer systems www.Arduino.cc Arduino can do 16 million instructions per second (16MHz)

PCB- Printed Circuit Board USB Interface chip Digital Connections Transmit (TX) Receive (RX) Reset Button USB Port Serial Programming Connector (ISCP) Crystal 5V regulator Microcontroller (Atmega 328) Power (7-12V DC input) PCB- Printed Circuit Board Power Connectors Analog Inputs

Label it… Draw a sketch of the board and label it for future reference Download and install: http://fritzing.org/home/ This is a diagram creation tool Use it for your project for recording and planning purposes Fritzing is an open source initiative to develop amateur or hobby CAD software for the design of electronics hardware 182MB zip file Download and installation instructions of various OS’s are on the web site

Journal entry Should look something like this….

In more detail Digital pins 3,5,6,9,10 & 11 can do pulse with modulation PWM (variable output) can be noted ~ Arduino can do 16 million instructions per second (16MHz) ‘add 14’

PWM Pulse Width Modulation, or PWM, is a technique for getting analogue results with digital means. Digital control is used to create a square wave, a signal switched between on and off. This on-off pattern can simulate voltages in between full on (5 Volts) and off (0 Volts) by changing the portion of the time the signal spends on versus the time that the signal spends off The Fading example demonstrates the use of analog output (PWM) to fade an LED. It is available in the File->Sketchbook->Examples->Analog menu of the Arduino software. https://www.arduino.cc/en/Tutorial/PWM More on this later (but it is here in case you were interested)

ISCP The ICSP pins are for programming the Arduino directly with an ISP/ICSP programmer. This lets you do things like mess with the bootloader/etc. Basically, while the Arduino bootloader understands UART (the Rx/Tx business), the AVR microcontroller doesn't, so if you want to program it directly, you have to use the ICSP pins The set of 6 pins near the AREF pin are the ICSP for the USB system. The USB interface has its own microcontroller (AFAICT it is the ATmega16u2 in the Uno Rev 3). Apparently folks use this to make it keyboard- or mouse-compatible. https://learn.sparkfun.com/tutorials/installing-an-arduino- bootloader/connecting-the-programmer

How much do they cost? $100 for a kit

There is more than a few types….

Where to start? Come up with your own little project Explore some crazy ideas Look it up on the internet Modify others’ blocks of code to your purposes Then expand, get a kit, learn some more tools and try some more projects

Before we start, handling the boards… Once they are powered up please don’t touch the boards Our fingers can create a short circuit on the board and ZAP it

Download the software Free from https://www.arduino.cc/ https://www.arduino.cc/en/Main/Software Most likely you are running 64 bit software (don’t know? For Microsoft OS’s right click on computer and select properties and check in the data then shown on screen) Linux and Mac are their own installers

Install the software Standard install, nothing complicated We need to tell the computer software what kind of Arduino we have: <Tools>, <Board>, <Arduino UNO> We need to tell the computer software where the Arduino is plugged in: <Tools>, <Port>, <comx\Arduino> for Windows OS <Tools>, <Serial Port>, <dev/ttyUSB0> for Linux OS (most likely as the UNO is the standard board, otherwise specify as required) Good to go!

‘Hello’ – of in our case Mr Blinky We are going to plug our Arduino into the computer. Then we create or load a sketch (program) and then upload it to the Arduino. A lot of software programs use a hello command as a test when you first start. The programming language we use with Arduino is called C In our case we are going to do a blink test.

Exercise 1 - Blink test We load an example sketch: <File>, <Examples>, <01.Basics>, <Blink> The sketch (program) is now loaded into the window…. It will make the LED blink (Light Emitting Diode) when we upload it We are looking at….

We also need… Ensure you have the fritzing software installed as well Go to the website and download the Sparkfun code: Sparkfun.com/sikcode Unzip it to c:/programs files(x86)/Arduino/Examples

Playing at home without an Arduino https://circuits.io/ (playing with circuits online) http://www.pighixxx.com/test/ (how to)