INTRODUCTION TO CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY, THIRD CANADIAN EDITION by John Hunsley and Catherine M. Lee Chapter 10

Overview Questions Approaches to prevention Promoting evidence-based parenting Prevention of violence Prevention of internalizing disorders Prevention of substance abuse Prevention of problems in those exposed to trauma or loss For next class

Common Prevention and Health Promotion Programs for Physical Health

Vaccination Programs Costs & benefits? Equivalent for mental health?

Poverty Estimates Canada USA 1994: 1994 Children 15.4% Older adults: 4.9% 2008 Children 13.3% 1994 Children 24.9% Older adults: 20.6 2008 Children 23.1%

Poverty and Stress Poverty is associated with an accumulation of stressors? What are some of these stressors?

Prevention World Economic Forum estimated that, globally, the cost of mental disorders in 2010 was 2.5 trillion dollars By 2030 the cost is predicted to be 6 trillion dollars a year

An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure Benjamin Franklin An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure A politician, rather than a social scientist introduced the phrase that an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure; concept that investment in prevention pays dividends in the long run

Approaches to Prevention Universal preventive interventions Selective preventive interventions Indicated preventive interventions Primary prevention Secondary prevention

Approaches to Prevention Risk reduction model for prevention Consider influences both “within” and “outside” the person Individual factors School/work context Family/social factors Life events and situations Community and cultural factors Across these contexts, consider both: Risk factors, such as… Protective factors, such as…

How can basic research inform prevention? What have you learned in other psychology courses that could inform programs for the prevention of problems?

Promoting Evidence-Based Parenting Home visiting programs Parent training programs Incredible Years Triple P Positive Parenting Program Level 1 (Universal): media-based information Level 2: parenting seminars or brief information sessions Level 3: for mild to moderate problems, services rom primary health care providers Level 4 (Standard): for severe problems, services in individual, group, or online format Level (Enhanced) 5: parenting skills + focus on parents’ own issues and parent supports

Prevention of Violence Addressing the physical abuse of children Addressing youth violence (bullying and conduct disorder) Olweus Bullying Prevention Program KiVa Program Fast Track Program

Prevention of Internalizing Disorders Anxiety disorders Coping Koala Program Depression

Prevention of Substance Abuse Include skills development (e.g., stress management, problem-solving, social skills, assertiveness) Involve peers, school, home, and community Programs should be sensitive to developmental and cultural factors Use of interactive programs is crucial for success

Prevention of problems in those exposed to loss and trauma Be cautious about well-intended programs and assumptions The case of critical incident stress debriefing Must remember variability in how people effectively deal with grief and loss Cognitive-behavioural Interventions (individual and group), can have positive impact for traumatized children/youth Provide knowledge about trauma and its sequelae Normalize reactions to extreme situations Emphasize skills to cope with emotional reactions Develop skills to reduce avoidance of trauma-related stimuli

For next class…

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