Volume 32, Issue 9, Pages (September 2016)

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Volume 32, Issue 9, Pages 975-984 (September 2016) Vegetarianism and cardiometabolic disease risk factors: Differences between South Asian and US adults Lindsay M. Jaacks, Ph.D., Deksha Kapoor, M.Sc., Kalpana Singh, M.Sc., K.M. Venkat Narayan, M.D., M.Sc., M.B.A., Mohammed K. Ali, M.B.Ch.B., M.Sc., M.B.A., M. Masood Kadir, M.D., M.B.B.S., M.P.H., Viswanathan Mohan, M.D., Ph.D., M.B.B.S., Nikhil Tandon, M.D., Ph.D., M.B.B.S., Dorairaj Prabhakaran, M.D. Nutrition Volume 32, Issue 9, Pages 975-984 (September 2016) DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2016.02.011 Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

Fig. 1 Mean intake of food groups (times/d) according to vegetarian status among adults (ages 20–69 y) participating in CARRS (South Asia N = 15 665) and NHANES (US; N = 2159). CARRS, Centre for Cardiometabolic Risk Reduction in South-Asia; NHANES, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Nutrition 2016 32, 975-984DOI: (10.1016/j.nut.2016.02.011) Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

Fig. 2 Predicted marginal probabilities (e.g., prevalence adjusted for age, sex, education, alcohol, tobacco, and also city in CARRS) of cardiometabolic disease risk factors among adults (ages 20–69 y) participating in CARRS (South Asia; N = 15 665) and NHANES (US; N = 2159) according to vegetarian status. Overweight/obesity defined as body mass index ≥25 kg/m2. Central obesity defined as waist-to-height ratio >0.5. Diabetes defined as fasting blood glucose ≥126 mg/dL, glycated hemoglobin A1c ≥ 6.5%, or medication. Hypertension defined as systolic blood pressure ≥140 mm Hg, diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mm Hg, or medication. High TGs defined as TG ≥ 150 mg/dL or medication. High LDL defined as LDL ≥130 mg/dL. Low HDL defined as HDL ≤40 mg/dL in men and ≤50 mg/dL in women. High CVD risk score defined as Framingham Heart Score >10%. CARRS, Centre for Cardiometabolic Risk Reduction in South-Asia; CVD, cardiovascular disease; HDL, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; NHANES, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; TG, triacylglycerol. *P < 0.05 comparing vegetarians with non-vegetarians. Nutrition 2016 32, 975-984DOI: (10.1016/j.nut.2016.02.011) Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions