Nuclear Power Production

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Presentation transcript:

Nuclear Power Production Westinghouse Science Honors Institute October 8, 2016 Catherine Perego Westinghouse Electric Company Senior Engineer, AP1000 Plant Vogtle ITAAC

Agenda Safety Brief Overview of Electricity Understanding the Atom – Nuclear Physics Designing the Core – Nuclear Fuel Harnessing the Energy – Nuclear Power Production

Overview of Electricity

Our Society Requires Electricity

Sources of Electricity (U.S. – 2013) Nuclear 19% Natural Gas 27% Coal 39% Hydro 7% Wind, Solar & Geothermal 6%

How do we get from FUEL to POWER?

Understanding the Atom – Nuclear Physics

The Atom – Small but Mighty! Atoms are made up of protons, neutrons and electrons. The protons and neutrons make up the nucleus of the atom. The electrons orbit the nucleus.

The Discovery of Fission Marie Curie Einstein Lise Meitner / Otto Frisch

Chain Reaction!

Criticality The chain reaction rate is measured in criticality (Keffective) Keff < 1  Subcritical Keff = 1  Critical Keff > 1  Supercritical The goal of commercial nuclear reactors is to remain critical during operation Special types of nuclear reactors can go supercritical safely – like the TRIGA reactor at Penn State!

Control is Key Neutron

Designing the Core – Nuclear Fuel

Parts of a Whole – Fuel Pellets 5 pellets = 1 house for one year 1 pellet = 149 gallons of oil, 17k ft3 NG, 1 ton coal

Parts of a Whole – Fuel Rods & Control Rods A single uranium fuel pellet the size of a fingertip contains as much energy as: 17,000 cubic feet of natural gas 1,780 pounds of coal 149 gallons of oil.

= = = Assemblies & The Core 149 gallons 1 Nuclear Fuel Pellet of oil 1,780 lbs. of coal = 17,000 cubic feet of natural gas =

Harnessing the Energy – Nuclear Power Production

Introduction to Nuclear Power From Atoms to Electricity

How do we get from FUEL to POWER?

Boiling Water Reactor

Pressurized Water Reactor

Nuclear Energy in the U.S. Over 100 nuclear power plants Over 20% of electricity supplied by nuclear Cooling towers are just water Beaver valley Some don’t need them – North Anna AP1000 passive

Nuclear Energy is Used Worldwide

Nuclear Power is… Safe! 3 barriers Enrichment much different than bomb

Nuclear Power is… Clean! Largest source of carbon-free electricity More radiation exposure from coal plant than nuclear plant

Nuclear Power is… Reliable! Polar vortex

Questions?