PBN Performance Based Navigation Implementation Challenges - ICAO Performance Symposium March 2007 Federal Aviation Administration Presented by: Lex Hendriks, EUROCONTROL Copyright 2006 EUROCONTROL

Overview Safety Case Why needed Application to PBN Data integrity WGS 84 Surveying Maintaining data quality

Safety Cases - When and Why When a significant change is going to be made to and operation, service and/or system To confirm that the resulting system: Is safe Can Remain safe and Can be implemented safely

Safety Assessment Considerations (1) Aircraft Performance Normal performance: Lateral accuracy - navigation specifications Non-Normal Performance: RNAV system failures, “blunder” errors e.g. wrong route selection Are single systems allowed – what happens if it fails Is RNP required – if not how to detect position errors? Identify mitigations e.g. Crew procedure and training, Surveillance or additional separation.

Safety Assessment Considerations (2) Infrastructure Navigation aids impact of failure Single Navaid – eg DME Loss of GNSS over large area (eg Jamming) Mitigations Radar Increased separation Requirement for carriage of backup

Safety Assessment Considerations (3) Infrastructure – Comms, Surveillance. Important factor determining route spacing Consider Coverage Redundancy Effectivity ATC Workload Nature of comms

Overview Safety Case Why needed Application to PBN Data integrity WGS 84 Surveying Maintaining data quality

The Problem Identified ANSP (AIS) DB Providers Aircraft Operators AIP ADB/DB If unclear or ambiguous procedure description Aircraft fly different tracks Lack of Integrity

Example of Data Coding NAV32516.3617

Example of Data Coding NAV32516.3618

An Example of a Chart Error ? .5 .5 .4 .4 .3 .3 .2 .2 .1 .1 .0 50º 31’.0

Tailoring Requirements Who is Involved? Communications Service Provider Aerodrome Air Traffic Procedure & Airspace Designer Aeronautical Information End Users NOTAM AIP FMS Data Applications Flight Planning End Users Simulator Navigation Data Tailoring Requirements Navigation Data Processor Other Government Sources RNVREQ_1097

Navigation Data Process Collect Process Publish Distribute Basic Data Sources Users Every player must establish a Navigation Data Process in order to ensure the quality of data delivered to the users RNVREQ_1101

Data Chain Processes and Standards Origination Derive and Publish eg States’ AIPs State’s Responsibility Preparation by Data Service Provider Receive Assemble Translate Select Format Distribute DO-201A/ED-77 Application Integration Link to target equipment in required format DO-200A/ED-76 End Use Load and Maintain current cycle DO-200A/ED-76 DO-178B/ED-12B JARs

Data Exchange after Publication in AIC Jeppesen - DE EAG - UK Jeppesen - US Data Houses Lufthansa Systems - CH FMS Packed Data CMC Canada Rockwell Garmin Smiths Honeywell Data Packers Compiled Data

What is Data Quality? Quality is ability to meet requirements Characterised by: Accuracy Resolution Assurance Level Traceability Timeliness Completeness Format RNVREQ_1100

Managing Data What is Data Integrity? Exchange The assurance that a data item retrieved from a storage system has not been changed since the original data entry or latest authorised amendment Data Same? Data RS56869_1005

ICAO Requirements Critical (10-8) Essential (10-5) Data Routine (10-3) User requirements in ICAO Annex 15 Critical (10-8) Essential (10-5) Data Routine (10-3) RS56869_1006

Some Specific Requirements Data Configuration Management – know data origin and what has happened to it during its life Software Tools Qualification – Tools validated to ensure they do what they should do Quality Management – well defined procedures capable of ensuring quality Compliance – do what the quality procedures require Audit – demonstrate that they have been used RNVREQ_1104

Issues to be Addressed Survey – does it meet accuracy and integrity requirements Is there means to guarantee that data not corrupted RNAV coding – has the data house correctly interpreted the design? Traceability – can you validate to confirm whether process working RNVREQ_1105

Global Geodetic System Only accurate to 1-2 Metres WGS 84 Global Geodetic System Only accurate to 1-2 Metres International Terrestrial Reference System (ITRS) Precise geodetic system : 1-3 cm over 5,000 km Maintained by the International Earth Rotation Service Addresses Plate Tectonic movements. ITRF – globally distributed network with defined epoch (date), position and velocity

How to survey GPS Observation Techniques Connection to the geodetic reference frame Stations with defined ITRF coordinates Control Stations clear line of sight away ensure no interference Redundancy of data collection to allow validation Hardware selection – e.g. impact of mixed receiver network – antenna phase centre differences etc. Survey Marking

Surveys What to Survey Survey Survey 20

Surveys How to mark (Monumentation)

AFN/NAV/DAT/ORG/DOC001-150404 Data Origination EUROCONTROL Guidance Material Integrity of Aeronautical Information - Aeronautical Data Origination AFN/NAV/DAT/ORG/DOC001-150404 Survey and procedure Design Requirements FAA Guidance Material FAA Specification 405 Standards for Aeronautical Surveys and Related Products FAA Order 8260.19 Flight Procedures and Airspace

Requirements Addressed Survey –WGS84 Training for designers Software Tool Qualification Data management Quality Assurance Verification of Procedure Designs Publication Validation tests Flyabilty – under range of wind conditions for appropriate aircraft types Navigation aid coverage