Open Access Scholarly Communication These slides are available in in VTechWorks at http://hdl.handle.net/10919/76672 Prof. Gail McMillan Virginia Tech Libraries GSA: March 23, 2017

Virginia Tech Mission Statement ... The discovery and dissemination of new knowledge are central to its mission. Through its focus on teaching and learning, research and discovery, and outreach and engagement, the university creates, conveys, and applies knowledge to expand personal growth and opportunity, advance social and community development, foster economic competitiveness, and improve the quality of life. https://www.president.vt.edu/about-the-office/mission-vision/index.html

Many kinds of “Open” Open source software Open peer review Open data Open government Open educational resources (OER) Open pedagogy Open access

4/14/2018 Open Access Defined Open-access (OA) literature is digital, online, free of charge, and free of most copyright and licensing restrictions. Two roads to OA: green and gold

Why you (and I) should care Sharing matters at different scales: Personal: citation advantage, visibility Academic: reclaiming ownership, economics of publishing National: taxpayer access to information Global: development and transmission of new ideas Sharing knowledge and demonstrating research impact at a global land-grant university depends on success at all levels

Scholarly Communication Cycle Do research, write article Give publisher free content, free peer review, free editorial services Buy back content With many potential readers excluded With lost control over our own work At high prices and 8% annual inflation

Who is excluded? Colleagues Scholars in the developing world Independent researchers Virginia taxpayers Students who graduate

What are the costs? Monopoly market Prices rise faster than CPI Large publishers among most profitable businesses Less money for monographs because journals costs are so high

Advantages of Open Access Scholarly information is a public good Increase in “visibility, retrievability, audience, usage, and citations” Text and data mining Research integrity Scales with growth in research Unforeseen benefits https://blogs.libraries.indiana.edu/scholcomm/2016/10/03/how-open-science-helps-researchers-succeed/

Misunderstandings about OA Not intended for patentable or royalty-generating works Not a way to bypass peer review Not an assertion that publishing is cost-free Doesn’t necessarily mean publishing in open access journals or paying APCs Article Processing Charges

Two Roads to Open Access Self-archiving (Green OA) Deposit pre-print or post-print in university or disciplinary repository (e.g. VTechWorks or arXiv) OA publishing (Gold OA) Publishing in open access journals (e.g. PLOS One) Benefits of Green OA Access for all You control license Citations Statistics Preservation All of your work in one place

Self-archiving (Green OA) However Voluntary efforts don’t scale Not the version of record May require journal permission Read contract SHERPA-RoMEO has publisher policies http://www.sherpa.ac.uk/romeo/

Self-archiving (Green OA) If not explicitly permitted in your contract: http://scholars.sciencecommons.org/ Save the PDF addendum that is generated. Print the addendum, and sign and date it. Sign and date the publisher's agreement. Immediately below your signature on the publisher's form, write: "Subject to attached Addendum." This is very important because you want to make clear that your signature is a sign that you accept the publisher's agreement only if the publisher accepts you Addendum. Make a copy of all three documents (the publisher's form, your Addendum, and your cover letter) for your records. Staple the three original documents together. Mail the three original documents to the publisher.

OA publishing (Gold OA) Benefits: Access for all Version of record Greater visibility and more citations The golden road: publishing in OA journals

Finding OA Journals and Publishers Open access journal directories Directory of Open Access Journals SHERPA/RoMEO ThinkClickSubmit UlrichsWeb Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association, COPE Publisher discounts available to VT authors

Evaluating a Publisher Assess website, ToC, articles, editorial board DOAJ, digital preservation Red flags: multiple journals launched at once, irregular publishing, lack of focus, few articles published, high fees OASPA members: http://oaspa.org/membership/members/

What you can do to increase access Archive your articles, data, presentations, syllabi, reports, etc. in VTechWorks Read contracts and use addenda to gain self-archiving rights Publish in open access journals Start an open access journal Consider a departmental, college, or university-wide policy on OA article archiving Apply for publication funding and spread the word about the library’s OA fund

VT Library Services Institutional memberships reduce publication charges (PLoS, BMC, etc.) VTechWorks: digital repository of articles, data, etc. Consulting on publishing agreements Assisting with digital projects (Port) Publish open access journals Subvention fund: $1500 per OA article

VT OA Subvention Fund Allocations Authors have no other source of funding (e.g., no grants from NIH, NSF, Gates, etc.) $1500.00 per article x 2/yr. Max $3000 per author per year Prorated for multiple VT co-authors $1500 distributed among the VT co-authors 3 authors of one article subsidized at $500 each http://www.lib.vt.edu/oafund/ $100,000 fy 2017 Authors must not have any other sources of funding. OASF is not available for articles resulting from research sponsored by agencies that allow allocations for open access fees like the NIH. Support is limited to $1500.00 per article and $3000.00 per author per year. For papers with multiple Virginia Tech co-authors, the program would still subsidize the same total amount of up to $1,500 per article but it would be prorated among each of the authors for the purposes of calculating amounts towards the annual limit for individuals, for example, 3 Virginia Tech authors would be allocated $500 each. Some sources of external funding for publication of research results include: Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Rockefeller Foundation, etc.

Potential VT OA Policy Faculty grant to Virginia Tech permission to make available their scholarly articles and to exercise the copyright in those articles. That is, each faculty member grants to VT a nonexclusive, irrevocable, worldwide license to exercise any and all rights under copyright relating to each scholarly article, in any medium, provided that the articles are not sold for a profit. Copyright holders can: Distribute Reproduce Modify Perform publicly Display publicly

Open Access http://guides.lib.vt.edu/oa/journals Thanks very much to Philip Young and Julie Speer. Several of these slides came from their work. These slides are available in in VTechWorks at http://hdl.handle.net/10919/76672 Gail McMillan Virginia Tech Libraries http://scholar.lib.vt.edu gailmac@vt.edu