Objective 2/16/17 Provided notes & webquest, SWBAT explain the course of prenatal development & illustrate development changes in physical, social, and cognitive areas Agenda: -Do Now -Notes -Webquest

Do Now: Go to my teacher page and click on AP Psych. Do Now’s Click on the link for today’s date to begin your quiz, you may not use your notes. This is an individual assignment, you will have 10 minutes to complete 10 questions!

Introductory Psychology: Developmental Psychology Ap psychology: unit 9 Topic: Prenatal Development

Developmental Psychology: Prenatal Development Part one “I felt like a man trapped inside of a woman’s body…and then I was born…”

Prenatal Development: Conception A single sperm cell penetrates the outer coating of the egg and fuses to form one fertilized cell, otherwise known as a zygote Your most fortunate of moments… Out of the 200 million sperm & 5,000 eggs, yours won the race!!

Prenatal Development: Conception

Prenatal Development: Conception The first known photo of Michael Phelps…

Prenatal Development: Stages The period that extends from conception to birth, usually encompassing nine months of pregnancy General Overview Zygote: conception to 2 weeks Embryo: 2 weeks to 8 weeks Fetus: 9 weeks to birth

Prenatal Development: Stages The Germinal Stage (#1) The phase encompassing the two weeks following conception During this period… The zygote moves towards the uterus; begins to implant in the lining Placenta & umbilical cord begin to form Cells begin to differentiate ***Less than half of all zygotes survive beyond the first two weeks…

Prenatal Development: Stages The Embryonic Stage (#2) The phase lasting from two weeks until the end of the second month Once the developing organism firmly attaches to the uterus, it is called an embryo During this period… Major organs & structures begin to develop By the end of this period… Embryo is 1-inch long Has primitive eyes, nose, lips, teeth, arms & legs Heart beat

(approximately 6 weeks) (approximately 7 weeks) Embryo at 40 days (approximately 6 weeks) Embryo at 45 days (approximately 7 weeks)

Prenatal Development: Stages The Fetal Stage (#3) The phase lasting from two months through birth Eight weeks after fertilization the embryo becomes a fetus During this period… The fetus experiences tremendous growth The muscles begin to contract The baby moves into position

Developmental Psychology: Prenatal Factors Part two

Prenatal Factors: Critical Periods Times during which certain environmental influences can have an impact on the development of the infant In terms of STRUCTURAL DEVELOPMENT, most critical periods occur during the embryonic stage

Prenatal Factors: Critical Periods Teratogens Agents, such as chemicals and viruses, that can reach the embryo or fetus during prenatal development and cause harm

Teratogenic Agent Effect on Development Rubella Blindness; deafness; heart defects; brain damage Marijuana Irritability; nervousness; tremors Cocaine Decreased height; low birth weight; respiratory problems; learning difficulties; seizures Alcohol FAS (intellectually impaired, delayed growth, facial malformation); learning difficulties; smaller than normal head size Nicotine Miscarriage; low birth weight; stillbirth; short stature; mental retardation; learning disabilities Mercury Mental retardation; blindness Syphilis Mental retardation; deafness; meningitis Caffeine Miscarriage; low birth weight Radiation Higher incidence of cancers; physical deformities Water Temperature Increased chance of neural tube defects

Prenatal Factors: Critical Periods

Developmental Psychology: The Newborn Part three

The Newborn Baby aka NEONATE I WANT BACK IN!

The Newborn: Assessment Assessment Scoring System Activity (muscle tone dealing with spontaneous movement) Pulse (heart rate) Grimace (reflex irritability; cries, pulls away, coughs, etc.) Appearance (skin color) Respiration (breathing – a good, healthy cry) Score between 0-10

The Newborn: Reflexes Rooting Reflex Sucking Reflex A newborn’s tendency, when touched on the cheek, to turn toward the touch, open the mouth & search for the nipple Sucking Reflex A newborn’s tendency to suck on objects that are placed in mouth

The Newborn: Reflexes Grasping Reflex Stepping Reflex A newborn’s tendency to close fist around anything placed in their hand Stepping Reflex A newborn’s tendency to make stepping motions when held upright Startle (Moro) Reflex A newborn’s tendency to throw head back, extend arms/legs, cry & bring arms/legs back in when startled

The Newborn: Sensory Development Well-to-fully developed at birth Touch (skin-to-womb contact) Smell (mother’s milk v. imposter’s milk) Taste (preference for sweet) Less developed at birth Hearing (fluids; most responsive to high & low-pitches) Vision (rods are well-developed, cones are not) Depth Perception (The “Visual Cliff”)

The Newborn: Sensory Development

Google Classroom:web-quest Go to classroom.google.com, to access the Development web quest

The Newborn: Cognitive Development Habituation Decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation As infants gain familiarity with repeated exposure to a visual stimulus, their interest wanes and they will look away sooner Infants pay more attention to new objects than habituated ones Demonstrates learning