Plant Variety Protection System 2010 OECD Seed Schemes Plant Variety Protection System 2010 Eung-Gi Jeong Rural Development Administration E-mail : egjeong@korea.kr Rural Development Administration 1/43

Contents Contents Seed Industry Law 1 Plant Variety Protection 2 2010 OECD Seed Schemes Contents Contents Seed Industry Law 1 Plant Variety Protection 2 Role of PVP System at RDA 3 Development of New Variety 4 Prospects of PVP System in Korea 5 Seed Trade of Korea 6 Rural Development Administration 2/43

Seed Industry Law 1 Introduction of Agriculture Circumstance History of the Seed Industry Law Objectives of the Seed Industry Law Rural Development Administration 3/43

Trends in Farming conditions in Republic of Korea (Unit : %) Item 1970 1990 2000 2009 Agriculture Population 44.7 15.5 8.6 6.6 Old Farmers (65 Old>) 4.9 11.6 21.7 33.3 Agriculture GDP 25.5 7.8 4.0 2.2 (※ Source : MIFAFF statistics , (pls indicate year of publication ) Rural Development Administration 4/43

Farmer & Farming Family Situationer Seed Industry Law 1 Farmer & Farming Family Situationer Family Farmer (Thousand) (Thousand) 2006 2007 2008 2009 Rural Development Administration 5/43

Agricultural Sector Population Seed Industry Law 1 Pyramid Agricultural Sector Population Female Male 65 Old Male Female 15 Old 40,000 20,000 20,000 40,000 Rural Development Administration 6/43

History : Seed Industry Law 1 History : Seed Industry Law 1995. 2. Drafting of the Seed Industry Law 1995.12. Established and published for public 1997.12. Implemented on December 31, 1997 Revisions - in 1999 (Law No. 5668) - 2000 ( No. 6190) - 2001 ( No. 6374) - 2003 ( No. 6999) - 2005 ( No. 7678) - 2007 ( No. 8597) Rural Development Administration 7/43

Basic Purpose of Seed Industry Law 1 Basic Purpose of Seed Industry Law PVP Encouragement of breeding Development of Seed Industry National list management of variety performance Seed production certification circulation Rural Development Administration 8/43

Plant Variety Protection 2 Plant Variety Protection Designation of species entitled for PVP Number of applications and registration for PVP Procedure of examination for PVP Fees for PVP Rural Development Administration 9/43

Designation of Species Entitled for PVP Plant Variety Protection 2 Designation of Species Entitled for PVP Rural Development Administration 10/43

Ruling of Registration Plant Variety Protection 2 Examination Procedure for PVP - Korea Seed & Variety Service - Application Laying open Examination (Document/DUS Test) Ruling of Registration Public Inspection Grant of PVPR New Variety Publication Rejection Applicant Trial committe Patent Court Supreme Court Information Opposition Fee for Registration Demanding Trial Appeal Rural Development Administration 11/43

Number of PVP Applications and Registration Plant Variety Protection 2 Number of PVP Applications and Registration  Item ~ 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Total Application Rejected Registration 1,429 273 424 407 397 4,466 386 2,930 Food 368 28 60 53 43 708 24 552 Vegetable 151 61 74 62 63 805 99 411 Fruit 66 20 12 13 18 237 16 129 Flower 736 152 263 256 262 2,464 234 1,669 Grass 6 - 4 2  20 Industrial 93 7 164 117 Mushroom 9 5 68   36 * Data : Korea Seed & Variety Service, Year? Rural Development Administration 12/43

Ratio of Application No. by Crop Plant Variety Protection 2 Ratio of Application No. by Crop Food Flower Rural Development Administration 13/43

Application Number of Top 10 Crops Plant Variety Protection 2 Application Number of Top 10 Crops Rural Development Administration 14/43

Classification of Breeders Application Plant Variety Protection 2 Classification of Breeders Application (As of 2009) (RDA ) Rural Development Administration 15/43

Role of PVP System at RDA 3 Role of PVP System at RDA Application Registration National List of Varieties Crops Rural Development Administration 16/43

PVP Application for Crops Rural Development Administration 17/43

PVP Application with RDA Rural Development Administration 18/43

PVP Registration Rural Development Administration 19/43

Ratio of PVP Registration Rural Development Administration 20/43

National Registration of Crop Varieties No. of Variety Registration of NLVC with RDA Rural Development Administration 21/43

Ratio of PVP Registration (‘97~’03) (‘97~’09) Rural Development Administration 22/43

Development of New Variety 4 Development of New Variety Tong-il Rice Selling of Variety Protection Rights Countering of Royalty Payments Variety PVP Application Abroad Rural Development Administration 23/43

50- Years Top 10 Products in the Republic of Korea Tong-il Rice Japonica Rice Green Revolution ※ Top 10 product : CDMA,TDX, Memory semiconductor, Nuclear reactor, High-speed train, Arirang2(spaceship) Rural Development Administration 24/43

Green Revolution in the 70’s After Korean War, Koreans had suffered from starvation. The RDA developed a high-yielding rice variety "Tong-il”. The variety-based cultivation technologies were rapidly transferred to the farmers. Finally, Korea had achieved rice self-sufficiency. Rural Development Administration 25/43

Selling of Plant Variety Protection Rights Chrysanthemum ”Baekma” Breed : 2004 Selling of Plant Variety protection rights : 5 company, 26 million Export : (‘07) 12,600$ → (‘08) 760,000$ → (‘09) 1,500,000$ Rural Development Administration 26/43

Countering of Royalty Payments Variety Rose Variety : Magic wine, Green beauty etc. Export of royalty payments (green beauty) (‘09) 53,400 → (‘10) 150, 000$(1 plant/1$) Reduction of royalty payments (‘05) 5.1million → (‘09) 4.6million$ Rural Development Administration 27/43

Countering of Variety Royalty Payments Strawberry Variety : Maehyang, Seolhyang etc. Export : (’04) 4million→ (‘10) 17million$ Diffusion rate in Korea’s variety (‘02) 5 → (‘09) 56 → (12) 80% Designation of species entitled for PVP(2012) Rural Development Administration 28/43

Prospects of PVP System in Korea 5 Prospects of PVP System in Korea Application of PVP System for GMO Crop Development of Variety Royalty Payments PVP Application Abroad Rural Development Administration 29/43

Application of PVP System for GMO Crop Increase of GMO crop’s seed by cultivation Cultivation area : (‘96)1.7 → (‘08) 125 million ha Increase of GMO seed Market Market volume :(‘96)100→ (‘08) 75,000→ (‘15) 150,000 million$ Development of GMO crops Resistance to diseases, Insect, herbicide etc. Bio-energy Crop : Ethanol and Diesel Crop : Rice, Pepper, Rape, Cabbage, Potato etc. Rural Development Administration 30/43

Developing of Variety Royalty Payments Export : Rose, Chrysanthemum, Gladiolus, Cymbidium, Apple, Pear, Peach etc. Import : Rose, Strawberry, Mushroom, Feed crops Actinidia arguta etc. Rural Development Administration 31/43

PVP Application Abroad Country Plant(Variety) China Rice(2), Maize(2), Pear(20), Apple(4), Peach(1), grapevine(4), Actinidia arguta(2), Chrysanthemum(4), Gladiolus(1) Japan Chrysanthemum(10), Rose(7), Phrygia(1) Canada Pear(2) EU Gladiolus(1) 2010 : 5 country, 9 plant, 19 variety Japan(8), China(7), EU(2), America(1), Chilean(1) Rural Development Administration 32/43

Korea Seed Trade 6 Dimension of Seed Market The Point at Issue for Seed Industry Strategic Directions for Developing Seed Industry Trend Changes in Korea Seed Market Rural Development Administration 33/43

Growth in the International Seed Trade Member of UPOV Jan. 7, 2002 UPOV Convention adopted 2002 The third Revision of UPOV 1991 Korea : 400 Year Rural Development Administration 34/43

Dimension of Korea’s Seed Market Seed Trade of Korea 5 Dimension of Korea’s Seed Market 40 Billion US$ Rural Development Administration 35/43

Distribution of Seed Export in Korea Seed Trade of Korea 5 Distribution of Seed Export in Korea (Unit : million dollar) Vegetable : Pepper 30%, Radish 21%, Cabbage 12%, Chinese cabbage 10%, etc Rural Development Administration 36/43

Distribution of Seed Import in Korea Seed Trade of Korea 5 Distribution of Seed Import in Korea (Unit : million dollar) Vegetable : Onion, Tomato, Radish, Chinese cabbage, etc Feed : Clover, Corn, Hairy Vetch, Orchard Grass, etc Rural Development Administration 37/43

Distribution of Seed Marketing in Korea Seed Trade of Korea 5 Distribution of Seed Marketing in Korea Global company Domestics company Global company : Monsanto, Syngenta, Sacata, Dakei , etc Rural Development Administration 38/43

Distribution of Global Company in Seed Trade of Korea 5 Distribution of Global Company in Korean Seed Market 1997 2001 2005 2009 Year Global company : Monsanto, Syngenta, Sacata, Dakei , etc. Rural Development Administration 39/43

The Issues Raised to the Seed Industry Seed Trade of Korea 5 The Issues Raised to the Seed Industry Small market and lack of capacity of private companies - Reduction of area for cultivation by 0.8% annually - Limited expansion of domestic market - Share of global companies accounted for only 43% Insufficient Role of Government - To focus only on royalty reduction - Lack of export policy and original technology development Rural Development Administration 40/43

Strategic Directions for Developing Seed Industry Seed Trade of Korea 5 Strategic Directions for Developing Seed Industry Mid-and long-term development plan for seed industry(MFAFF) Developing new cultivars preferred by consumers Developing high value-added GM crops using BT technology Support of breeding technology for private breeders Developing export markets through diversification of export crops Promoting competitive first-class native enterprises Rural Development Administration 41/43

Trend Changes in Korea Seed Market Seed Trade of Korea 5 Trend Changes in Korea Seed Market Increased functional and high-quality agricultural products Increased with the limitations on cultivating GM crops Newly developed cultivars of horticultural crops flowers , fruit and strawberry, etc. Increasing the possibilities for entering into world market Rural Development Administration 42/43

Trend Changes in Korea Seed Industry Seed Trade of Korea 5 Trend Changes in Korea Seed Industry (Unit : %) Item 1970 1990 2000 2009 Agriculture Population 14.0 8.0 6.4 Old Famer(70 Old>) 8.5 16.4 33.0 Agriculture GDP 7.7 5.0 3.0 Increase : plug seedling, high quality seed, seed price , etc. Decrease : total amount of seed and farming area, farmer selfing seed, etc. Concentration : breeding for new variety and production of seed abroad - New variety : high quality & yield, functional, resistant and GM etc. Rural Development Administration 43/43

Rural Development Administration E-mail : egjeong@korea.kr THANK YOU !!! Eung-Gi Jeong Rural Development Administration E-mail : egjeong@korea.kr