Database Evaluation and Gap Analysis Names of Students University of South Florida

Database Evaluation: CINAHL Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) is the world's most complete source of full text for nursing and allied health professionals Offers full text for more than 1,300 journals, indexing for more than 5,000 journals, searchable cited references for more than 1,460 journals, and author affiliations with a total of more than 3.9 million records Includes both quantitative and qualitative studies, but mostly qualitative CINAHL is a broad database, yet gaps exist with its content availability on the topic of telehealth and diabetes management (EBSCO Health, 2016) The allied health disciplines that CINAHL covers include athletic training, dental hygiene, health information management, occupational therapy, physical technology, radiologic technology, speech therapy, and respiratory therapy (EBSCO Health, 2016).

CINAHL: History Ella Crandall, Mildred Grandbois, and Mollie Sitner began a card index of articles from nursing journals in the 1940s First published as Cumulative Index of Nursing Literature (CINL) in 1961 Changed to current title to include allied health services in 1977 Online availability in 1984 (EBSCO Health, 2016) CINAHL dates back to 1937 (EBSCO Health, 2016).

CINAHL: Scope In 2003, CINAHL Information System was acquired by EBSCO Publishing Offers access to health care books, nursing dissertations, selected conference proceedings, standards of practice, educational software, audiovisuals, and book chapters Data dictionary is available through EBSCO (EBSCO Health, 2016) CINAHL provides indexing for more than 3,000 English-language journals and publications in the fields of nursing and allied health, including complete coverage of nursing journals and publications published by the National League for Nursing and the American Nurses’ Association. It is currently available only through the EBSCOhost platform. It was previously available online through EBSCO, Ovid Technologies, ProQuest, and CINAHL Information Systems (EBSCO Health, 2016).

Availability and Cost of Database Available through subscription Subscriber must be affiliated with an academic institution or a hospital The academic cost for 10,000-20,000 students is about $25,000 a year (T. Trammell, personal communication, June 10, 2016) To have access to the CINAHL database, a subscriber must be affiliated with an academic institution or a hospital. For an academic institution, the price is based on the number of full-time equivalent (FTE) students. For a hospital, the price is based on bed count (T. Trammell, personal communication, June 10, 2016) .

User Friendly Interface CINAHL provides an easy-to-use interface with basic and advanced search features and searchable cited references. CINAHL Subject Headings help users effectively search and retrieve information, as well as follow the structure of the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) used by the National Library of Medicine (EBSCO Health, 2016).

Gap Analysis POC: Telehealth in DM Management Strengths: Easily accessible and user friendly with subscription Peer reviewed literature and standards of practice available Updated monthly Includes information for patients Full text version of more than 1,300 journals available Searchable and linked references for quickly expanding practice knowledge (Ahmadi, Sarabi, Orak, & Bahaadinbeigy, 2015; McGill University Health Centre, 2013; Watzlaf, Dealmeida, Leming, & Hartman, 2015)

Gap Analysis POC: Telehealth in DM Management Weaknesses: Does not provide updated CMS reported data Focuses more specifically on nursing and allied health disciplines Fewer results in literature on telemedicine Does not link to Cochrane reviews or Cochrane Central Register of Controlled and Clinical Trials Lacks behavioral and socio- health focus, specifically on telehealth Cochrane reviews can be a great source to a mass foundational knowledge in a topic area in a shorter time span; although some appear in CINHAL, they are not linked and are not all available. Additionally, CINAHL has a lack of behavioral socio-health focus (i.e., information on use of smart phones and internet searching). They are not widely covered due to a lack of specific references to health outcomes. Foundational knowledge in these areas, such as knowing how people use their devices and interact with their environments in general, can be very helpful in designing effective telehealth interventions (Ahmadi et al., 2015; McGill University Health Centre, 2013; Watzlaf et al., 2015). (Ahmadi et al., 2015; McGill University Health Centre, 2013; Watzlaf et al., 2015)

Gap Analysis POC: Telehealth in DM Management Available Content Insufficient Content Biology of disease (i.e., understanding biology of conditions like diabetes that telehealth can impact) Biologic interventions (i.e., drugs that may help offset adverse health outcomes in disease processes) Role of nursing in health outcomes Behavioral and socio-economic factors that impact health (i.e., impact of social disparities on health and general technology use patterns) Impact of health policy on health outcomes Systematic reviews (i.e., evidence based best-practice tools) Practice guidelines (University of Texas Medical Branch, n.d.)

Gap Analysis POC: Telehealth in DM Management Other databases and resources to consider to meet POC needs: Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) PubMed and Medline National Advocacy Groups American Diabetes Association (ADA) American Medical Association (AMA) National Guideline Clearinghouse Cochrane Library PsycINFO CMS is a public dataset that contains information about services and procedures provided to Medicare beneficiaries by physicians and other healthcare professionals with information about utilization, payment, and submitted charges organized by National Provider Identifier (NPI), Healthcare Common Procedure Coding System (HCPCS) code, and place of service. PubMed is a service of the National Library of Medicine, which provides access to MEDLINE citations back from the mid-1960s to present. It focuses on biomedical science and the majority of its articles are peer reviewed. PubMeb is found to have most information regarding telemedicine (Ahmadi et al., 2015). Medline covers 30 languages, over 19 million citations, and information from 1966 to present. It is a good source of historical context, such as treatment failures. The National Guideline Clearinghouse (NGC) is an initiative of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), which is a part of the United States Department of Health and Human Services. It provides healthcare providers such as physicians and nurse practitioners, other health professionals, health plans, integrated delivery systems, purchasers, and others, an accessible mechanism for obtaining objective, detailed information on clinical practice guidelines and to further their dissemination, implementation, and use. Cochrane Library is a collection of databases that contains high-quality evidence to inform healthcare decision-making. It includes systematic reviews, registrar of current clinical trials, economic evaluation databases, and health technology assessment database. PsycINFO contains 2450 journals, books, and dissertations. It focuses on behavioral health, behavioral sciences, psychological health, mental health, as well as aspects of law, sociology, and nursing (Ahmadi et al., 2015; CMS, 2016; McGill University Health Centre, 2013; United States Department of Health and Human Services, 2015). (Ahmadi et al., 2015; CMS, 2016; McGill University Health Centre, 2013; United States Department of Health and Human Services, 2015)

Summary CINAHL is a comprehensive and user-friendly resource database for nursing and allied health professionals. The gap analysis has shown that the available content for telehealth and diabetes management is limited; therefore, other databases such as CMS, PubMed, National Guideline Clearinghouse, and Cochrane Library should be utilized to compile a larger foundation of evidence.

References Ahmadi, M., Sarabi, R.E., Orak, R.J., & Bahaadinbeigy, K. (2015). Information retrieval in telemedicine: A comparative study on bibliographic databases. Journal of Academy of Medical Sciences of Bosnia and Herzegovina, 23(3), 172-176. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4499288/ Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. (2016). Physician compare datasets. Retrieved from https://data.medicare.gov/data/physician-compare EBSCO Health. (2016). CINAHL database. Retrieved from https://health.ebsco.com/products/the-cinahl-database

References McGill University Health Centre. (2013). Understanding the differences between Medline via PubMed and CINAHL. Retrieved from http://www.muhclibraries.ca/understanding-the- differences-between- medline-via-pubmed-and-cinahl/ United States Department of Health and Human Services. (2015). National Guideline Clearinghouse: About. Retrieved from http://www.guideline.gov/about/index.aspx University of Texas Medical Branch. (n.d.). Database comparison: Medline vs. CINAHL vs. PsycINFO vs. Cochrane Library. Retrieved from https://ar.utmb.edu/ar/Portals/5/Library%20Documents/DatabaseCompariso n.pdf Watzlaf, V. J. M., Dealmeida, D. R., Leming, Z., & Hartman, L. M. (2015). Protocol for a systematic review of telehealth privacy and security research to identify best practices. International Journal of Telerehabilitation, 7(2), 15-22.

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