2/13 Warm-up Turn in Hot and Cold Log- on Agenda: Notes: IN Weather IN Weather is Wacky – on the laptop HW: IN Weather is Wacky Thurs: Notebook Quiz Friday: Test Atmosphere and Weather – 45 pts

Weather Station Symbols Notes: Hazardous Weather and IN Weather 12 Notes: Weather Maps 2/7 13 Weather Station Symbols 14 Edheads Weather 15 Hot and Cold Webquest 2/10 16 Notes: Hazardous Weather and IN Weather 2/13 17 IN Weather is Wacky HW: Thurs: Notebook Quiz Friday: Test Atmosphere and Weather – 45 pts

Multiple Choice – 23 pts Matching – 10 pts Short Answer- 12 pts Test Friday – 45 pts Multiple Choice – 23 pts Matching – 10 pts Short Answer- 12 pts

Be able to interpret Head Index and Wind chill graphs - Be able to interpret the Layers of the Atmosphere Line graph - Weather Map symbols: Warm front, cold front, high pressure system, low pressure system, cloud cover, wind speed, wind direction

Blizzard of 1978

Greenwood Floodinging – June 08

Special Weather Events There are many types of hazardous weather Tornadoes Blizzards Thunderstorms Flooding Hurricanes Drought

Thunderstorms The 3 Key Ingredients of a Thunderstorm MOISTURE Large bodies of water (warmer temperatures = good) INSTABILITY Warm moist air underneath colder dense air As the warm air rises it will cool and form the CUMULONIMBUS clouds A LIFTING MECHANISM Differential heating (Water vs. land), Fronts, Terrain

Thunderstorms The 3 Stages of a Thunderstorm TOWERING STAGE The warm air is forced upwards making the tall fluffy cumulonimbus clouds. MATURE STAGE The air that has raised higher cools and the precipitation begins to fall. DISSIPATION STAGE The storm runs out of the warm moist air that fuels it.

Towering Phase

Mature Phase “Anvil” Shaped Top

Mature Phase “Anvil” Shaped Top

Dissipation Stage

Types of Thunderstorms Ordinary Cell One cycle through the previous phases Multi-cell The storm builds and cycles through several of the phases Squall Line The thunderstorm forms a horizontal line that spreads several miles. Supercell Last for several hours traveling over long distances. Produce almost all of the significant tornadoes

Supercell Thunderstorm

Thunderstorm Hazards Hail Damaging Winds Tornadoes Indiana State Fair Tornadoes Flash-Floods (Greatest cause of death in Thunderstorms)

Tornado A violently rotating column of air descending from a thunderstorm and touching the ground.

Formation Most tornadoes are spawned from supercell thunderstorms. Supercell thunderstorms are characterized by a persistent rotating updraft and form in environments of strong vertical wind shear. The exact processes for the formation of a funnel are not known yet. 

Enhance Fujita Scale EF scale Class Wind speed Description mph km/h weak 65-85 105-137 Gale EF1 86-110 138-177 Moderate EF2 strong 111-135 178-217 Significant EF3 136-165 218-266 Severe EF4 violent 166-200 267-322 Devastating EF5 > 200 > 322 Incredible

What’s more dangerous than a tornado? The Fire Whirl

Flooding Basics – Too much water in, not enough water out. Water “Out” sources – rivers, lakes, INFILTRATION, CSO’s. Dangers People underestimate how powerful moving water can be. Even at low levels moving water is strong.

Dangers of moving Water Of the three deaths which occurred as a result of the Fort Worth tornado, March 28, 2000, one death was due to flooding. The man who drowned was a passenger in a car with his girlfriend, the driver. They approached a low spot with water flowing over the road due to very heavy rain. Flooding was a common occurrence at this location with heavy rains and the danger was well marked. As the driver drove her car into the water she became frightened as the water rose higher and higher around her vehicle. She backed out to higher ground. The passenger said the water was NOT too deep and he would prove it by walking across to the other side. He never made it.

Lake Effect Snow is produced during cooler atmospheric conditions when COLD winds move across long expanses of WARMER LAKE WATER, providing energy and picking up water vapor which freezes and is deposited on the opposite shores. 

Lake Effect Snow

Students needed more time for the “Most shocking details part!” It was time consuming. And more guidance.