Virtual Local Area Networks BA 479 VLANs Virtual Local Area Networks BA 479

Who are we? Ryan Winklepleck Senior, Business, MIS, this ‘boy wonder’ is 21-years-old and still figuring out post-college life, possibly the circus is hiring? Kameel Husain Senior, Business, MIS, would like to work with graphic designs and databases. Likes milk, bones are as strong as antimantium, cage fighter. Rob Jerand Senior, Business, MIS, always up for kegstands and dollar beers, enjoys running from the Cops, giving beer cans to the bums, and my future consists of either being a janitor at Microsoft, or live in my parent’s basement and do nothing. Andrew Grill Jr. III Bats: R, Throws: R, Avg: .405, RBI: 132, HR: 59, Triple Crown MVP, after a gamma blast accident, you don’t want to see him when he’s angry. Business, MIS, accounting intern at weyerhaeuser and plans to work there in the future.

VLAN - Brief Introduction Five W’s and an H…

VLAN Introduction What? Who? Why? “Networks in which computers are assigned to LAN segments by software rather than by hardware.” Who? Us Why? Often faster, while providing greater opportunities to manage the flow of traffic on the LAN and Backbone Network (BN) in comparison to traditional LAN and routed BN architectures.

VLAN Introduction Where? When? And the H… Hosting Centers and Ethernet Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) When? Due to their complexity, usually only used for large networks. And the H…

Thought it was going to be How? VLAN History Thought it was going to be How?

VLAN History First Products: Segmentable Switches Allows creation of two or more virtual switches from a single switch. Assigning individual ports to a specific virtual switch. First products allowed switching of multiple segments on a single switch, as well as offering a monetary advantage over switched Ethernet ports which cost $700 or more at the time.

However, VLAN Backwards would be NALV… VLAN Background However, VLAN Backwards would be NALV…

VLAN Background Local Area Networks (LAN) Generally defined as a broadcast domain. “Hubs, bridges, or switches on the same physical segment or segments connect end node devices” A router is not needed for end nodes on the same LAN segment to communicate with each other. However a router is necessary for these devices to communicate with devices on other LAN segments.

VLAN Background To the left, a LAN environment connected by routers Drawback: Routers add latency that delays the transmission of data Solution? Switched Network

VLAN Background To the right, a LAN environment connected by switches. Speed and latency advantages. Drawback: All end nodes (or hosts) are in same broadcast domain, which adds to the network a significant amount of traffic that is seen by all hosts. Solution? Switched Network w/VLANs

Single-Switch VLAN

Single-Switch VLAN The VLAN operates only inside one switch. Computers, dozens or even hundreds, on the VLAN are connected into this switch and assigned by software into different VLAN segments. VLAN segments act as though they are connected to the same physical switch or hub.

Single-Switch VLAN cont. It’s possible to have one computer only in a VLAN. (Servers) Four ways in which computers attached to a VLAN can be assigned to specific VLANs inside them …: Port-based VLANs (layer-1 VLANs) MAC-based VLANs (layer-2 VLANs) IP-based VLANs (layer-3 VLANS) Application-based VLANs (layer-4 or policy-based VLANS)

Port-based VLANs (layer-1 VLANs) Uses physical layer port number on the front of the VLAN switch to assign computers to VLAN segments. All computers are physically cabled into a specific port on the VLAN switch. A software is used to instruct the switch as to which ports are assigned to which VLAN.

MAC-based VLANs (layer-2 VLANs) Uses data link layer address or physical address to form VLANs. A software is used to instruct the switch as to which incoming data link layer addresses are assigned to which VLAN segment. Easier to manage than Port-based.

Multi-Switch VLAN

Multi Switch Approach Layer 3 Layer 4 IEEE 802.1Q

Layer 3 Network layer serves as the backbone for network traffic going across different VLANs. provides logical routing interfaces to VLANs on Layer 2 switches. A traditional network requires a physical interface from a router to a switch to perform inter VLAN routing.

Layer 4 Transport Layer Decides on where to send the packets. sends incoming packets to one or more machines which are hidden behind a single IP address.

IEEE 802.1Q allows multiple bridged networks to transparently share the same physical network link without leaking information

What is Yreka Bakery spelled backwards? VLAN Benefits What is Yreka Bakery spelled backwards?

Benefits Performance Formation of Virtual Workgroups VLANs can reduce sending traffic to unnecessary destinations Formation of Virtual Workgroups Segment sections of business (marketing, accounting, etc) by VLAN Drawback – distance in physical location, centralized server farms Simplified Administration Adding, changing, moving user accounts no new reconfiguration of hubs/routers necessary

Benefits Reduce Costs Security VLANs can be used to create broadcast domains which can eliminate cost of expensive routers Security Keep information restricted to only users who need access Can control boadcast domains, set up firewalls and more

VLAN Drawbacks

Drawbacks Costs Misc. Purchasing additional hardware May need to hire new employee to manage Misc. New users may encounter new problems they are not familiar with If users are located on different floors of a building common resources (such as a printer) could be in inconvenient locations