BELLWORK Name the layers of the Earth.

Inside the Earth Chapter 15 – Section 1

Vocabulary Crust – the thin and solid outermost layer of the Earth above the mantel. Mantle – the layer of rock between the Earth’s crust and core. Core – the central part of the Earth below the mantle.

Lithosphere – the solid, outer layer of the Earth that consists of the crust and the rigid upper part of the mantle. Asthenosphere – the soft layer of the mantle on which the tectonic plates move. Mesosphere – the strong, lower part of the mantle between the asthenosphere and the outer core.

Tectonic Plate – a block of lithosphere that consists of the crust and the rigid, outermost part of the mantle. After coloring, cut out and glue your plate map into your science notebook (DOT DOT… not a lot)

In your science notebook, draw the following: Draw and color this rectangle in your notebook, slightly to the right of the center of the page. As we discuss each layer of the Earth, you can enter the information about the layer to the left of the drawing. CRUST MANTLE OUTER CORE INNER CORE

The Crust 5 – 100 km thick 2 types Continental Oceanic Oceanic much denser Less than 1% of Earth’s mass. Major Elements Oxygen Silicon Aluminum

The Mantle Most of the Earth’s mass (67%). 2,900 km thick. Major elements Oxygen Silicon Magnesium Liquid with a plastic consistency. Element Amount   O 44.8 Si 21.5 Mg 22.8 Fe 5.8 Al 2.2 Ca 2.3 Na 0.3 K 0.03 Sum 99.7

The Core Inner and Outer core 33% of Earth’s mass. 3,430 km thick Outer – liquid Inner - solid 33% of Earth’s mass. 3,430 km thick Major Elements Iron Nickel

The Physical Structure of the Earth

Tectonic Plates Plates of the lithosphere move around on top of the asthenosphere. Giant jigsaw puzzle pieces.

Tectonic Plates Not all same size. Contain continental, oceanic or both types of crust.

Major Tectonic Plates Pacific North American Cocos Nazca South American African Eurasian Indian Australian Antarctic

Tennessee in the Past Map view of the tectonic situation about 510 million years ago, in the late Cambrian period of geologic time. "C&O" locates the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal's location on the map. Note the volcanic island arc located offshore, in the Iapetus Ocean, moving closer to North America as the intervening oceanic crust is subducted. Map by Ron Blakey, Northern Arizona University. The Taconian Orogeny, as viewed from above, about 450 million years ago. The Chopawamsic Terrane has begun to collide with ancestral North America, adding the volcanic rocks and sedimentary to the eastern margin of the continent. Map by Ron Blakey, Northern Arizona University.

Mapping the Earth’s Interior Answers come from earthquakes. Seismic waves pass through the Earth at different speeds, depending on what they are made of. Faster through solids than liquids.

QUIZ Name the layers of the Earth. What are the tectonic plates made of (which layer or layers)? Name the two types of crust. Which layer has the most mass? The least?