Name the three sub-categories of symbiosis Wednesday, April 5 Day 1 Science Starters Sheet Agenda 1. Please have these Items on your desk. Science Notebook 2- Science Starter: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zSmL2F1t81Q Name the three sub-categories of symbiosis

Table of contents update Pg. 58 4/5 Ecology Unit learning goals Pg. 59 4/5 Symbiosis notes

Ecology Unit learning goals • I can explain how an organism’s behavior allows it to survive in an environment. • I can describe how an organism can maintain a stable internal environment while living in a constantly changing external environment. • I can determine characteristics of organisms that could change over several generations. • I can compare the symbiotic and competitive relationships in organisms within an ecosystem. • I can analyze the following behavioral cycles of organisms: hibernation, migration and dormancy (plants). • I can describe factors that allow for survival of living organisms such as protective coloration, beak design, seed dispersal, and pollination.

Relationships in Nature Notes: Relationships can be found throughout nature: Dependent and Independent Beneficial and Harmful Hosts and Parasites Questions: This rhino is in a variety of relationships some obvious and some less visible. 1) Can you name any of these partnerships? 2) What the purpose of the relationship? 3) Who does it harm or help?

What is symbiosis? Two organisms that live together Temporarily or for a longer time At least one of the organisms benefits from the relationship

What are the different kinds of symbiosis? Mutualism Commensalism Parasitism one organism benefits one organism benefits both organisms benefit one organism is unaffected one organism is harmed

Parasitism Causes harm to host The parasite benefits, the host is harmed or in some cases killed.

Parasitism: one benefits, one is harmed Example 6: Taenia worm in human eye Worm infects human blood stream Human may go blind Parasitism: one benefits, one is harmed

Zombie Caterpillars -Slave Bodyguard Wasp lays its eggs in the body of a caterpillar. This is a three layered parasitic infection. The wasps disable the caterpillar’s immune system, allowing the wasp eggs to survive. The eggs hatch and feed on the caterpillar, but do not kill it. Instead, the caterpillar stops developing and spends the rest of its life protecting the wasp larva, even going as far as spinning its own cocoon around the wasp pupae. When the adult wasp emerges from its cocoon, the zombie caterpillar finally tastes the sweet release of death.

Parasitism: one benefits, one is harmed Example 1: Acacia plant with ant galls Ants lay eggs on acacia tree Acacia covers the infected area with brown flesh (gall) Parasitism: one benefits, one is harmed

Commensalism Only one member benefits sharing space, defense, shelter, food Neither will die if relationship is ended Shrimp & sea cucumber The Shrimp hitch a ride on the large sea cucumbers. The shrimps get transported through a large area of potential food by their host with only a minimal expenditure of energy on their part. They can be observed getting off their host cucumber to feed in productive areas, and back on for a ride to the next spot! http://www.ms-starship.com/sciencenew/symbiosis.htm

Commensalism: one benefits, one is unaffected Example 3: Cattle with cattle egrets Cattle stir up insects as they eat grass Egrets hang around and eat insects Commensalism: one benefits, one is unaffected

Mutualism: both benefit Example 2: Moray Eel with Cleaner Fish Moray Eel gets a clean mouth. Cleaner Fish gets a meal Mutualism: both benefit

Mutualism Both organisms derive mutual benefit Neither can survive without the other Tickbirds and rhinos

Mutualism: Both benefit Example 4: Clown fish with anemone Clown fish gets protection Anemone gets food Mutualism: Both benefit

Mutualism: both benefit Example 5: Antelope with Oxbird Antelope gets rid of parasites Oxbird gets a meal Mutualism: both benefit

Honey Bee & the Dandelion gets to eat the pollen from the flower. Dandelion uses the bee to spread its pollen to another flower