The BioTector COD TOC TN TP analyzer and patented Two Stage Advanced Oxidation process

BioTector Analytical Systems Ltd. Training Course BioTector Analytical Systems Ltd. www.biotector.com

BIOTECTOR SUMMARY Complete oxidation of the sample with hydroxyl radicals. Representative sample without any filtration (up to 2mm soft particulates). Self cleaning technology. High reliability: 86,000 measurements per annum and over 99% on-line time. Low Maintenance: 6 month service intervals. No calibration requirement between services. No interference from salts or Calcium. Automatic range selection and multi-streaming. Programmable Analysis Modes: TIC & TOC, TC, VOC, TC-TIC, TN and in addition TPR, TP modules are available. Analyse wide range of effluents containing fats, oils, salts, de-icing chemicals, particulates, fibrous materials.

Compliance with European Norm EN 1484 BioTector Series 4 Compliance with European Norm EN 1484 Section 4: Principle states: “Oxidation of organic carbon in water to carbon dioxide by combustion, by the addition of an appropriate oxidant, by UV radiation or any other high energy radiation.” “The final determination of CO2 is carried out by a number of different procedures, for example infrared spectrometry, titration, thermal conductivity, conductometry, coulometry, CO2 sensitive sensors and flame ionization detection.”

BioTector Series 4 Compliance with US EPA 415.1 Section 2.0: Summary of Method states: “Organic carbon in a sample is converted to carbon dioxide (CO2) by catalytic combustion or wet chemical oxidation. The CO2 formed can be measured directly by an infrared detector or converted to methane (CH4) and measured by a flame ionization detector. The amount of CO2 or CH4 is directly proportional to the concentration of carbonaceous material in the sample.”

Compliance with ASTM D5173-97 BioTector Series 4 Compliance with ASTM D5173-97 Standard Test Method for: “On-Line Monitoring of Carbon Compounds in Water by Chemical Oxidation, by UV Light Oxidation, by Both, or by High Temperature Combustion Followed by Gas Phase NDIR or by Electrolytic Conductivity (of the released CO2 gas).”

THE PATENTED TWO STAGE ADVANCED OXIDATION PROCESS: SUMMARY OF THE ON-LINE OPERATION SAMPLING: A representative unfiltered sample is taken containing fats, salts, particulates, suspended fibres and colloidal material. TIC PHASE: The inorganic carbon content is removed by an acid reagent. The CO2 gas is sparged by oxygen and measured by an infrared CO2 analyser. BASE OXIDATION: Ozone generated by the corona-discharge method is applied to a high pH reagent to promote the production of hydroxyl radicals which results in the effective and complete oxidation of the sample. TOC PHASE: An acid reagent is added to remove the total organic carbon content of the oxidized sample as CO2 gas, and this is measured by an infrared CO2 analyser. RANGE SELECTION: Automatic selection of the optimum sample volume for the TOC range.

Operation of the COD TOC TN TP analyzer: TOC or Oxidation (OXP) phase.

GENERAL LAYOUT TOC – TN TP MFC Mass Flow Controller MV51 Purge OXYGEN O2 Regulator MV7 Injection EXHAUST MV1 Exhaust CO2 Analyzer Ozone Destructor MV4 Sample In SAMPLE OUT Cooler Ozone Generator Oxidized Fluid Catch-pot TN TP Module MCR Reactor P2 Circulation Pump Glass beads Cleaning DRAIN P4 Base Pump BASE MV6 Acid P3 Acid Pump ACID MV5 Sample Out Zero Manual P1 Sample ZERO MANUAL SAMPLE IN

GAS FLOW (ANALYZER ZERO) MFC Mass Flow Controller MV51 Purge OXYGEN O2 Regulator MV7 Injection EXHAUST MV1 Exhaust CO2 Analyzer Ozone Destructor MV4 Sample In SAMPLE OUT Cooler Ozone Generator Oxidized Fluid Catch-pot TN TP Module MCR Reactor P2 Circulation Pump Glass beads Cleaning DRAIN P4 Base Pump BASE MV6 Acid P3 Acid Pump ACID MV5 Sample Out Zero Manual P1 Sample ZERO MANUAL SAMPLE IN The gas flows through the MFC, ozone generator, reactor and cooler to purge the CO2 analyzer. The BioTector sets its zero for the next reaction.

SAMPLE BYPASS P2 Circulation Pump Glass beads MFC Mass Flow Controller MV51 Purge OXYGEN O2 Regulator MV7 Injection EXHAUST MV1 Exhaust CO2 Analyzer Ozone Destructor MV4 Sample In SAMPLE OUT Cooler Ozone Generator Oxidized Fluid Catch-pot TN TP Module MCR Reactor P2 Circulation Pump Glass beads Cleaning DRAIN P4 Base Pump BASE MV6 Acid P3 Acid Pump ACID MV5 Sample Out Zero Manual P1 Sample ZERO MANUAL SAMPLE IN The sample pump runs, transporting the into the BioTector and through the ARS Sample In valve. This flushes any old sample from the sample line, and ensures a fresh sample for analysis.

SAMPLE INJECTION <2000mg TOC MFC Mass Flow Controller MV51 Purge OXYGEN O2 Regulator MV7 Injection EXHAUST MV1 Exhaust CO2 Analyzer Ozone Destructor MV4 Sample In SAMPLE OUT Cooler Ozone Generator Oxidized Fluid Catch-pot TN TP Module MCR Reactor P2 Circulation Pump Glass beads Cleaning DRAIN P4 Base Pump BASE MV6 Acid P3 Acid Pump ACID MV5 Sample Out Zero Manual P1 Sample ZERO MANUAL SAMPLE IN The ARS Sample-In valve turns 90’ (M-V setting in the software),

SAMPLE INJECTION <2000mg TOC MFC Mass Flow Controller MV51 Purge OXYGEN O2 Regulator MV7 Injection EXHAUST MV1 Exhaust CO2 Analyzer Ozone Destructor MV4 Sample In SAMPLE OUT Cooler Ozone Generator Oxidized Fluid Catch-pot TN TP Module MCR Reactor P2 Circulation Pump Glass beads Cleaning DRAIN P4 Base Pump BASE MV6 Acid P3 Acid Pump ACID MV5 Sample Out Zero Manual P1 Sample ZERO MANUAL SAMPLE IN The sample pump runs, and injects the sample into the reactor. The sample volume injected depends on the TOC range, a low range requires a large, 8ml sample.

SAMPLE INJECTION <2000mg TOC MFC Mass Flow Controller MV51 Purge OXYGEN O2 Regulator MV7 Injection EXHAUST MV1 Exhaust CO2 Analyzer Ozone Destructor MV4 Sample In SAMPLE OUT Cooler Ozone Generator Oxidized Fluid Catch-pot TN TP Module MCR Reactor P2 Circulation Pump Glass beads Cleaning DRAIN P4 Base Pump BASE MV6 Acid P3 Acid Pump ACID MV5 Sample Out Zero Manual P1 Sample ZERO MANUAL SAMPLE IN The ARS Sample-In valve turns 90’ (M-V setting in the software),

TIC ACID INJECTION <2000mg TOC MFC Mass Flow Controller MV51 Purge OXYGEN O2 Regulator MV7 Injection EXHAUST MV1 Exhaust CO2 Analyzer Ozone Destructor MV4 Sample In SAMPLE OUT Cooler Ozone Generator Oxidized Fluid Catch-pot TN TP Module MCR Reactor P2 Circulation Pump Glass beads Cleaning DRAIN P4 Base Pump BASE MV6 Acid P3 Acid Pump ACID MV5 Sample Out Zero Manual P1 Sample ZERO MANUAL SAMPLE IN The acid pump and injection valve flush the sample into the reactor with acid. The circulation pump mixes the acid with the sample. The pH in the reactor is <1.

SAMPLE INJECTION >2000mg TOC MFC Mass Flow Controller MV51 Purge OXYGEN O2 Regulator MV7 Injection EXHAUST MV1 Exhaust CO2 Analyzer Ozone Destructor MV4 Sample In SAMPLE OUT Cooler Ozone Generator Oxidized Fluid Catch-pot TN TP Module MCR Reactor P2 Circulation Pump Glass beads Cleaning DRAIN P4 Base Pump BASE MV6 Acid P3 Acid Pump ACID MV5 Sample Out Zero Manual P1 Sample ZERO MANUAL SAMPLE IN The ARS Sample-In valve turns 180’ (M-F180 setting in the software), and the sample injected by the TIC acid is the sample contained within the valve when it turns. Several fixed volumes are available, from 0.12ml (10,000mg TOC) to 0.02ml (up to 100,000mg TOC with extended oxidation).

TIC ACID INJECTION >2000mg TOC MFC Mass Flow Controller MV51 Purge OXYGEN O2 Regulator MV7 Injection EXHAUST MV1 Exhaust CO2 Analyzer Ozone Destructor MV4 Sample In SAMPLE OUT Cooler Ozone Generator Oxidized Fluid Catch-pot TN TP Module MCR Reactor P2 Circulation Pump Glass beads Cleaning DRAIN P4 Base Pump BASE MV6 Acid P3 Acid Pump ACID MV5 Sample Out Zero Manual P1 Sample ZERO MANUAL SAMPLE IN The acid pump and injection valve flush the sample into the reactor with acid. The circulation pump mixes the acid with the sample. The pH in the reactor is <1.

TIC SPARGING P2 Circulation Pump Glass beads MFC Mass Flow Controller MV51 Purge OXYGEN O2 Regulator MV7 Injection EXHAUST MV1 Exhaust CO2 Analyzer Ozone Destructor MV4 Sample In SAMPLE OUT Cooler Ozone Generator Oxidized Fluid Catch-pot TN TP Module MCR Reactor P2 Circulation Pump Glass beads Cleaning DRAIN P4 Base Pump BASE MV6 Acid P3 Acid Pump ACID MV5 Sample Out Zero Manual P1 Sample ZERO MANUAL SAMPLE IN The ARS Sample-In valve turns 180’. Any TIC in the sample reacts with the acid liberating CO2 gas. This is sparged from the liquid with the sparge gas, and is measured in the CO2 analyser.

TOTAL INORGANIC CARBON REACTION GRAPH The reaction graph screen on the BioTector records the CO2 gas as it is sparged from the acidic liquid in the reactor and measured in the CO2 analyzer. The accurate Mass Flow Controller provides a stable gas flow for the sparging process, and the microprocessor in the BioTector calculates the total quantity of CO2 gas released from the liquid to provide an accurate result. If the BioTector detects an unexpected high TIC reading, it automatically extends the TIC time until all the TIC is sparged.

SELF CLEANING TECHNOLOGY MFC Mass Flow Controller MV51 Purge OXYGEN O2 Regulator MV7 Injection EXHAUST MV1 Exhaust CO2 Analyzer Ozone Destructor MV4 Sample In SAMPLE OUT Cooler Ozone Generator Oxidized Fluid Catch-pot TN TP Module MCR Reactor Glass beads Cleaning DRAIN P4 Base Pump BASE MV6 Acid P3 Acid Pump ACID MV5 Sample Out Zero Manual P1 Sample ZERO MANUAL SAMPLE IN While the TIC is sparging, the cleaning valve operates and the sample pump runs in reverse. The spent acid from the previous reaction is used to clean the sample line back to the sample inlet point.

BASE INJECTION Glass beads MFC Mass Flow Controller MV51 Purge OXYGEN O2 Regulator MV7 Injection EXHAUST MV1 Exhaust CO2 Analyzer Ozone Destructor MV4 Sample In SAMPLE OUT Cooler Ozone Generator Oxidized Fluid Catch-pot TN TP Module Glass beads Cleaning DRAIN P4 Base Pump BASE MV6 Acid P3 Acid Pump ACID MV5 Sample Out Zero Manual P1 Sample ZERO MANUAL SAMPLE IN Sodium hydroxide is injected into the reactor with the base pump, and the pH is increased to >13.

BASE OXIDATION P2 Circulation Pump Glass beads MFC Mass Flow Controller MV51 Purge OXYGEN O2 Regulator MV7 Injection EXHAUST MV1 Exhaust CO2 Analyzer Ozone Destructor MV4 Sample In SAMPLE OUT Cooler Ozone Generator Oxidized Fluid Catch-pot TN TP Module P2 Circulation Pump Glass beads Cleaning DRAIN P4 Base Pump BASE MV6 Acid P3 Acid Pump ACID MV5 Sample Out Zero Manual P1 Sample ZERO MANUAL SAMPLE IN The ozone generator is switched on, and this converts the oxygen into ozone. At pH>13, the ozone reacts with the hydroxide ions and forms hydroxyl radicals. These oxidise the organic carbon into carbonate or oxalate. This oxidation process completely cleans the reactor of organic material.

TOC ACID INJECTION Glass beads MFC Mass Flow Controller MV51 Purge OXYGEN O2 Regulator MV7 Injection EXHAUST MV1 Exhaust CO2 Analyzer Ozone Destructor MV4 Sample In SAMPLE OUT Cooler Ozone Generator Oxidized Fluid Catch-pot TN TP Module Glass beads Cleaning DRAIN P4 Base Pump BASE MV6 Acid P3 Acid Pump ACID MV5 Sample Out Zero Manual P1 Sample ZERO MANUAL SAMPLE IN After oxidation is complete, the acid valve and acid pump operates, and acid is injected into the reactor. The pH is reduced to <1.

TOC 2nd STAGE OXIDATION P2 Circulation Pump Glass beads MFC Mass Flow Controller MV51 Purge OXYGEN O2 Regulator MV7 Injection EXHAUST MV1 Exhaust CO2 Analyzer Ozone Destructor MV4 Sample In SAMPLE OUT Cooler Ozone Generator Oxidized Fluid Catch-pot TN TP Module P2 Circulation Pump Glass beads Cleaning DRAIN P4 Base Pump BASE MV6 Acid P3 Acid Pump ACID MV5 Sample Out Zero Manual P1 Sample ZERO MANUAL SAMPLE IN At pH<1, two reactions take place. In the first, the ozone generator remains on and ozone oxidizes the manganese in the acid. The oxidized manganese reacts with the oxalate to produce CO2 gas, which is sparged and measured as TOC. The oxidized manganese produces the pink colour in the liquid in the reactor.

TOC SPARGING P2 Circulation Pump Glass beads MFC Mass Flow Controller MV51 Purge OXYGEN O2 Regulator MV7 Injection EXHAUST MV1 Exhaust CO2 Analyzer Ozone Destructor MV4 Sample In SAMPLE OUT Cooler Ozone Generator Oxidized Fluid Catch-pot TN TP Module P2 Circulation Pump Glass beads Cleaning DRAIN P4 Base Pump BASE MV6 Acid P3 Acid Pump ACID MV5 Sample Out Zero Manual P1 Sample ZERO MANUAL SAMPLE IN In the second simultaneous reaction, the acid reacts with carbonate to produce CO2 gas, which is sparged and measured as TOC. Ozone is not required for this process.

TOTAL ORGANIC CARBON REACTION GRAPH The reaction graph screen on the BioTector records the gas as it is sparged from the acidic liquid in the reactor and measured in the CO2 analyzer. The TOC result is the total quantity of CO2 gas released from the liquid, from both the simultaneous oxalate and carbonate reactions. If the BioTector detects an unexpected high TOC reading, it automatically extends the TOC time until all the CO2 is sparged.

REACTOR PURGE Mass Flow Controller SAMPLE OUT P2 Circulation Pump MFC Mass Flow Controller MV51 Purge OXYGEN O2 Regulator MV7 Injection EXHAUST MV1 Exhaust CO2 Analyzer Ozone Destructor MV4 Sample In SAMPLE OUT Cooler Ozone Generator Oxidized Fluid Catch-pot TN TP Module MCR Reactor P2 Circulation Pump Glass beads Cleaning DRAIN P4 Base Pump BASE MV6 Acid P3 Acid Pump ACID MV5 Sample Out Zero Manual P1 Sample ZERO MANUAL SAMPLE IN The MFC increases the gas flow to 80 LPH, the exhaust valve is closed and the sample out valve opened. The acidic, oxidized fluid in the reactor is purged, and collected in the oxidized fluid catch-pot, where its characteristic pink colour generated by the oxidized manganese should be visible.

ANALYZER PURGE P2 Circulation Pump Glass beads MFC Mass Flow Controller MV51 Purge OXYGEN O2 Regulator MV7 Injection EXHAUST MV1 Exhaust CO2 Analyzer Ozone Destructor MV4 Sample In SAMPLE OUT Cooler Ozone Generator Oxidized Fluid Catch-pot TN TP Module MCR Reactor P2 Circulation Pump Glass beads Cleaning DRAIN P4 Base Pump BASE MV6 Acid P3 Acid Pump ACID MV5 Sample Out Zero Manual P1 Sample ZERO MANUAL SAMPLE IN The gas flows through the MFC, ozone generator, reactor and cooler to purge the CO2 analyzer.

Operation of the COD TOC TN TP analyzer: Liquid Phase Analysis (LQP) phase.

Operational sequencing between Oxidation (OXP) and Liquid Phase (LQP) reactions. TN/TP TN/TP TN/TP TN/TP TN/TP The basic operational sequence is shown above. At the end of each OXP reaction, when the reactor purge is complete, Total Nitrogen (TN) and Total Phosphorus (TP) are measured.

Phosphorus heated mixer GENERAL LAYOUT N Pump DRAIN DRAIN HCl HCl HCl HCl P Pump P Pump 405nm detector 217nm detector DRAIN 485nm detector 265nm detector Phosphorus heated mixer DRAIN Detector module. Cleaning Cell CLEANING DIW P Reagent DIW P REAGENT NP Sample Diversion P Reagent Sample loop Boiler DRAIN Oxidized Fluid Catch-pot SAMPLE OUT DRAIN Boiler Drain Phosphorus Boiler To OXP Cleaning valve The primary components required to measure Total Nitrogen and Total Phosphorus is the Phosphorus Reagent, Phosphorus Heated Mixer, HCl reagent, Phosphorus boiler and the Photometer with two measuring cells and appropriate filter sets. To OXP Sample out valve

Phosphorus heated mixer OXIDATION FLUID CATCH-POT FILL N Pump DRAIN DRAIN HCl HCl HCl HCl P Pump P Pump 405nm detector 217nm detector DRAIN 485nm detector 265nm detector Phosphorus heated mixer DRAIN Detector module. Cleaning Cell CLEANING DIW P Reagent DIW P REAGENT NP Sample Diversion P Reagent Sample loop Boiler DRAIN Oxidized Fluid Catch-pot SAMPLE OUT DRAIN Boiler Drain Phosphorus Boiler To OXP Cleaning valve At the end of the OXP reaction, the acidic oxidized fluid from the OXP reactor is purged, and collected in the oxidized fluid catch-pot. This liquid contains all forms of nitrogen oxidised by the BioTector to NO3. Any organic phosphorus in the sample has also been broken down to PO4. To OXP Sample out valve

Phosphorus heated mixer TN MEASURING CELL FILL HCl REAGENT FILL N Pump DRAIN DRAIN HCl HCl HCl HCl P Pump P Pump 405nm detector 217nm detector DRAIN 485nm detector 265nm detector Phosphorus heated mixer DRAIN Detector module. Cleaning Cell CLEANING DIW P Reagent DIW P REAGENT NP Sample Diversion P Reagent Sample loop Boiler DRAIN Oxidized Fluid Catch-pot SAMPLE OUT DRAIN Boiler Drain Phosphorus Boiler To OXP Cleaning valve Nitrogen analysis: The N pump runs, pumping the oxidized fluid from the catch-pot into the cell. Phosphorus analysis: The HCl reagent pump runs, pumping HCl to the Phosphorus heated mixer. Configuration Option: If the configuration does not include a nitrogen module, the N pump runs to fill the loop between the sample in valve and sample loop valve. To OXP Sample out valve

Phosphorus heated mixer TN MEASURE N Pump DRAIN DRAIN HCl HCl HCl HCl P Pump P Pump 405nm detector 217nm detector DRAIN 485nm detector 265nm detector Phosphorus heated mixer DRAIN Detector module. Cleaning Cell CLEANING DIW P Reagent DIW P REAGENT NP Sample Diversion P Reagent Sample loop Boiler DRAIN Oxidized Fluid Catch-pot SAMPLE OUT DRAIN Boiler Drain Phosphorus Boiler To OXP Cleaning valve Nitrogen analysis: The Flash Lamp is activated, and the TN in the form of NO3- is measured. The measuring frequency is 217nm, the through-cell reference is 265nm and this data is used with the cell zero readings to calculate the TN result. Typically, three separate measurements are carried out, with the N pump running for 1 seconds between each measurement. To OXP Sample out valve

Phosphorus heated mixer PUMP PHOSPHORUS SAMPLE TO MIXER N Pump DRAIN DRAIN HCl HCl HCl HCl P Pump P Pump 405nm detector 217nm detector DRAIN 485nm detector 265nm detector Phosphorus heated mixer DRAIN Detector module. Cleaning Cell CLEANING DIW P Reagent DIW P REAGENT NP Sample Diversion P Reagent Sample loop Boiler DRAIN Oxidized Fluid Catch-pot SAMPLE OUT DRAIN Boiler Drain Phosphorus Boiler To OXP Cleaning valve Phosphorus analysis: The P pump runs, and the phosphorus sample which was in the loop between the sample in and sample loop valves is taken into the Phosphorus heated mixer, where it is mixed with the HCl. To OXP Sample out valve

Phosphorus heated mixer EMPTY TN TUBES, FILL BOILER N Pump DRAIN DRAIN HCl HCl HCl HCl P Pump P Pump 405nm detector 217nm detector DRAIN 485nm detector 265nm detector Phosphorus heated mixer DRAIN Detector module. Cleaning Cell CLEANING DIW P Reagent DIW P REAGENT NP Sample Diversion P Reagent Sample loop Boiler DRAIN Oxidized Fluid Catch-pot SAMPLE OUT DRAIN Boiler Drain Phosphorus Boiler Nitrogen analysis: The N pump runs in reverse, returning the oxidized fluid from the cell to the catch-pot. The OXP sample pump then uses the oxidized fluid in its reverse cleaning process, emptying the oxidized fluid catch pot. Note: If the OXP sample pump reverse time is not set, for example if a span calibration is run, then the oxidized fluid is pumped to drain by the N pump, not into the oxidized fluid catch pot (not shown on presentation). Phosphorus analysis: The P pump runs, and the HCl / phosphorus sample which was in the mixer is pumped into the boiler. To OXP Cleaning valve To OXP Sample out valve

Phosphorus heated mixer BOIL ACIDIFIED SAMPLE N Pump DRAIN DRAIN HCl HCl HCl HCl P Pump P Pump 405nm detector 217nm detector DRAIN 485nm detector 265nm detector Phosphorus heated mixer DRAIN Detector module. Cleaning Cell CLEANING DIW P Reagent DIW P REAGENT NP Sample Diversion P Reagent Sample loop Boiler DRAIN Oxidized Fluid Catch-pot SAMPLE OUT DRAIN Boiler Drain Phosphorus Boiler To OXP Cleaning valve The HCl / Phosphorus sample is centred and sealed in the boiler, and boiled (hydrolyzed) typically for 6 minutes as 100ºC. This converts the poly phosphates to ortho phosphate, PO4. While the sample is boiling, the BioTector can continue with other measurements. To OXP Sample out valve

Phosphorus heated mixer FOR THE TP MEASUREMENT, P REAGENT FILL N Pump DRAIN DRAIN HCl HCl HCl HCl P Pump P Pump 405nm detector 217nm detector DRAIN 485nm detector 265nm detector Phosphorus heated mixer DRAIN Detector module. Cleaning Cell CLEANING DIW P Reagent DIW P REAGENT NP Sample Diversion P Reagent Sample loop Boiler DRAIN Oxidized Fluid Catch-pot SAMPLE OUT DRAIN Boiler Drain Phosphorus Boiler To OXP Cleaning valve After boiling (hydrolysis) the TP measurement starts. The P reagent pump runs, and pumps the P reagent into the heated mixer. To OXP Sample out valve

Phosphorus heated mixer PUMP FLUID IN BOILER TO MIXER N Pump DRAIN DRAIN HCl HCl HCl HCl P Pump P Pump 405nm detector 217nm detector DRAIN 485nm detector 265nm detector Phosphorus heated mixer DRAIN Detector module. Cleaning Cell CLEANING DIW P Reagent DIW P REAGENT NP Sample Diversion P Reagent Sample loop Boiler DRAIN Oxidized Fluid Catch-pot SAMPLE OUT DRAIN Boiler Drain Phosphorus Boiler To OXP Cleaning valve Phosphorus analysis: The P pump runs, and the HCl / phosphorus sample which was hydrolyzed in the boiler is pumped into the mixer. To OXP Sample out valve

Phosphorus heated mixer HEAT/MIX HYDROLYZED PHOSPHORUS SAMPLE N Pump DRAIN DRAIN HCl HCl HCl HCl P Pump P Pump 405nm detector 217nm detector DRAIN 485nm detector 265nm detector Phosphorus heated mixer DRAIN Detector module. Cleaning Cell CLEANING DIW P Reagent DIW P REAGENT NP Sample Diversion P Reagent Sample loop Boiler DRAIN Oxidized Fluid Catch-pot SAMPLE OUT DRAIN Boiler Drain Phosphorus Boiler To OXP Cleaning valve Phosphorus analysis: The P pump runs, mixing the hydrolyzed phosphorus sample and reagent in the Phosphorus heated mixer at 45º. To OXP Sample out valve

Phosphorus heated mixer P MEASURING CELL FILL N Pump DRAIN DRAIN HCl HCl HCl HCl P Pump P Pump 405nm detector 217nm detector 485nm detector 265nm detector Phosphorus heated mixer DRAIN Detector module. Cleaning Cell CLEANING DIW P Reagent DIW P REAGENT NP Sample Diversion P Reagent Sample loop Boiler DRAIN Oxidized Fluid Catch-pot SAMPLE OUT DRAIN Boiler Drain Phosphorus Boiler To OXP Cleaning valve Phosphorus analysis: The P pump runs, pumping the coloured phosphorus sample into the measuring cell. To OXP Sample out valve

Phosphorus heated mixer TP MEASURE N Pump DRAIN DRAIN HCl HCl HCl HCl P Pump P Pump 405nm detector 217nm detector 485nm detector 265nm detector Phosphorus heated mixer DRAIN Detector module. Cleaning Cell CLEANING DIW P Reagent DIW P REAGENT NP Sample Diversion P Reagent Sample loop Boiler DRAIN Oxidized Fluid Catch-pot SAMPLE OUT DRAIN Boiler Drain Phosphorus Boiler To OXP Cleaning valve Phosphorus analysis: The Flash Lamp is activated, and the Total Phosphorus in the form of PO4 is measured. The measuring frequency is 405nm, the through-cell reference is 485nm and this data is used with the cell zero readings to calculate the Phosphorus result. Typically, three separate measurements are carried out, with the P pump running for 1 seconds between each measurement. To OXP Sample out valve

Phosphorus heated mixer P MEASURING CELL EMPTY N Pump DRAIN DRAIN HCl HCl HCl HCl P Pump P Pump 405nm detector 217nm detector 485nm detector 265nm detector Phosphorus heated mixer DRAIN Detector module. Cleaning Cell CLEANING DIW P Reagent DIW P REAGENT NP Sample Diversion P Reagent Sample loop Boiler DRAIN Oxidized Fluid Catch-pot SAMPLE OUT DRAIN Boiler Drain Phosphorus Boiler To OXP Cleaning valve Phosphorus analysis: The P pump runs, and returns the coloured phosphorus sample to the heated mixer To OXP Sample out valve

Phosphorus heated mixer HEATED MIXER EMPTY N Pump DRAIN DRAIN HCl HCl HCl HCl P Pump P Pump 405nm detector 217nm detector 485nm detector 265nm detector Phosphorus heated mixer DRAIN Detector module. Cleaning Cell CLEANING DIW P Reagent DIW P REAGENT NP Sample Diversion P Reagent Sample loop Boiler Boiler DRAIN Oxidized Fluid Catch-pot SAMPLE OUT DRAIN Boiler Drain Phosphorus Boiler To OXP Cleaning valve Phosphorus analysis: The P pump runs, and the mixer is emptied to drain. To OXP Sample out valve

This completes the operation of the BioTector COD TOC TN TP analyzer