Multi gas air ratio control platform (MGARCP) of DVGW-EBI to manage gas quality effects on appliance site MARCOGAZ Gas Sensor Workshop DVGW Research Centre at the Engler-Bunte-Institute 27.02.2014 Dr. Holger Dörr DVGW-Forschungsstelle am Engler-Bunte-Institut des Karlsruher Instituts für Technologie · Prüflaboratorium Gas www.dvgw-ebi.de

Outline Impacts of gas qualities on appliances Scope of MGARCP Approach of MGARCP Gas quality sensors: Measured properties Experimental setup for gas quality sensor tests Conclusions DVGW-Forschungsstelle am Engler-Bunte-Institut des Karlsruher Instituts für Technologie · Prüflaboratorium Gas www.dvgw-ebi.de

Impacts of gas qualities on appliances Gas quality fluctuations have effects on emissions (CO, NOx, CxHy) power (thermal, process heat input) process quality and stability (temperature fields, flame lengths, ...) Several adaptive gas-air-ratio-controls for gas appliances are available Ionization based methods (SCOT and variants, domestic) CO ZrO-based flue probes (non-domestic, less domestic) O2-ZrO-based l flue probes (non-domestic) CO/O2-ZrO-based flue probes (non-domestic) temperature probe on burner surface (e.g. LambdaConstant, domestic) DVGW-Forschungsstelle am Engler-Bunte-Institut des Karlsruher Instituts für Technologie · Prüflaboratorium Gas www.dvgw-ebi.de

Impacts of gas qualities on appliances Harmonization of Natural Gas Quality CEN/TC 234 WG 11, CEN/TC 408 Dis-harmony in European Natural Gas Market(s)—Discussion of Standards and Definitions, Z. Energiewirtschaft, (2013), by: P. Drasdo, M. Karasz, A. Pustisek Test gases are specified within EN 437 Recommended gas qualities are introduced in product standards (e.g. EN 15502-2-1 Appendix DD) Liberalisation of gas trading has certain effects on gas qualities and thereby on appliance operation, efficiencies and emissions Not only ErP requires decreasing NOx-emissions (or CO, unburned CxHy) Especially with high caloric gas qualities (LNG) NOx-formation will increase There is a evolving need for adaptive gas-air-ratio-control for gas appliances! DVGW-Forschungsstelle am Engler-Bunte-Institut des Karlsruher Instituts für Technologie · Prüflaboratorium Gas www.dvgw-ebi.de

Scope of MGARCP Research and development tool Closely related to our gas quality research and standardisation activities Self-adaptive control strategies: ideally power and emission adjustment To understand more deeply self-adaptive control strategies (even the empirical approaches, proper parameterisation) Tool for comparison of self-adaptive control strategies Teaching tool especially for correlative gas analysis methods DVGW-Forschungsstelle am Engler-Bunte-Institut des Karlsruher Instituts für Technologie · Prüflaboratorium Gas www.dvgw-ebi.de

MGARCP: Research and development tool CO-Sensor (CO-Lambda probe) O2-Lambda probe Flue gas temperature (Pt100) Reference measuring instrument: Flue gas analyzer for CO2, CO, O2, NO, NO2, CxHy, DVGW-EBI MGARCP: Multi gas air ratio control platform Base: Baxi Duo-tec 33 kW Condensing boiler- combi-appliance post-combustion Full / partial load Recording of any sensor Characteristic curves: Gas valve Fan dSignal/dt: sensitivity analysis  Ionisations probe (à la SCOT) T-field (thermocouples) in-process / in-combustion Heat meter (Power output) Gas quality sensor pre-combustion DVGW-Forschungsstelle am Engler-Bunte-Institut des Karlsruher Instituts für Technologie · Prüflaboratorium Gas www.dvgw-ebi.de

Gas quality sensors: Measured properties Small alkanes: various correlations with number of C-Atoms, molar mass and velocity of sound, source: Schley et al.: NEW TECHNOLOGIES FOR GAS QUALITY DETERMINATION (2001) What's about hydrogen and CO2? No. of sensors, calibration efforts, range Reference measurement instrumentation: GC, Mass Spectrometry, Infrared-Spectroscopy DVGW-Forschungsstelle am Engler-Bunte-Institut des Karlsruher Instituts für Technologie · Prüflaboratorium Gas www.dvgw-ebi.de

Experimental setup for gas quality sensor tests cost effective sensor: reduced requirements on measurement uncertainty Gas quality sensor Open issues: admissible concentrations T90-times c(H2) > 5 % PGCs with He as the only carrier gas will fail Data acquisition Data analysis Gas mixing station DVGW-Forschungsstelle am Engler-Bunte-Institut des Karlsruher Instituts für Technologie · Prüflaboratorium Gas www.dvgw-ebi.de

Experimental setup for gas quality sensor tests cost effective sensor: reduced requirements on measurement uncertainty Gas quality sensor System & Sensor activities at DVGW-EBI validation integration development Open issues: admissible concentrations T90-times c(H2) > 5 % PGCs with He as the only carrier gas will fail Data acquisition Data analysis Gas mixing station DVGW-Forschungsstelle am Engler-Bunte-Institut des Karlsruher Instituts für Technologie · Prüflaboratorium Gas www.dvgw-ebi.de

Conclusions Gas quality fluctuations will occur more frequently and with higher amplitudes. There is a growing demand for cost effective gas quality sensors with reduced requirements with regard to measurement uncertainty. Complexity relates to gas matrix (no. components & concentrations). Gas quality sensors have to compete with in-process probes or flue gas probes. There is still a need for more innovative products for natural gas applications! DVGW-Forschungsstelle am Engler-Bunte-Institut des Karlsruher Instituts für Technologie · Prüflaboratorium Gas www.dvgw-ebi.de

Thank you for your attention! DVGW-Forschungsstelle am Engler-Bunte-Institut des Karlsruher Instituts für Technologie · Prüflaboratorium Gas www.dvgw-ebi.de