Solvent-Mediated Solid Phase Transformations of cArbamazepine: Effects of Simulated Intestinal Fluid and Fasted State Simulated Intestinal Fluid  Paula Lehto, Jaakko Aaltonen, Mikko Tenho, Jukka Rantanen, Jouni Hirvonen, Veli Pekka Tanninen, Leena Peltonen  Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences  Volume 98, Issue 3, Pages 985-996 (March 2009) DOI: 10.1002/jps.21490 Copyright © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Raman spectra of (a) calibration samples and measured during the dissolution in (b) SIF and in (c) FaSSIF. The test peak (1023–1044cm−1) and the reference peak (1000–1044cm−1) used in the quantification are illustrated. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2009 98, 985-996DOI: (10.1002/jps.21490) Copyright © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 X-ray diffractograms of (a) dry CBZ form III compact, (b) dry CBZ dihydrate compact and CBZ form III compacts after 19h of dissolution (c) in SIF and (d) in FaSSIF. Characteristic CBZ form III peaks at 13.1, 15.4, 15.9, and 17.2° (2θ) are indicated by asterisk (*) in the diffractograms c and d. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2009 98, 985-996DOI: (10.1002/jps.21490) Copyright © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 Intrinsic dissolution results of CBZ form III compacts in SIF. (a) Amount of dissolved material (mgcm−2) of CBZ form III and (b) dissolution rate (mgcm−2h−1). The dissolved material of CBZ dihydrate compacts is presented as a reference. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2009 98, 985-996DOI: (10.1002/jps.21490) Copyright © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. Terms and Conditions

Figure 4 Scanning electron micrographs taken off-line of the CBZ form III compact's surfaces (a–c) before and after 4 and 14h into the dissolution testing in SIF, and (d–f) before and after 2 and 6h dissolution in FaSSIF. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2009 98, 985-996DOI: (10.1002/jps.21490) Copyright © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. Terms and Conditions

Figure 5 Solid phase conversion results obtained during the intrinsic dissolution tests of CBZ form III compacts in SIF. (a) Amount of dihydrate (%) and (b) conversion rate (%/h). Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2009 98, 985-996DOI: (10.1002/jps.21490) Copyright © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. Terms and Conditions

Figure 6 Intrinsic dissolution results of CBZ form III compacts in FaSSIF. (a) Amount of dissolved material (mgcm−2) of CBZ form III and (b) dissolution rate (mgcm−2h−1). The dissolved material of CBZ dihydrate compacts is presented as a reference. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2009 98, 985-996DOI: (10.1002/jps.21490) Copyright © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. Terms and Conditions

Figure 7 Solid phase conversion results obtained during the intrinsic dissolution tests of CBZ form III compacts in FaSSIF. (a) Amount of dihydrate (%) and (b) conversion rate (%/h). Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2009 98, 985-996DOI: (10.1002/jps.21490) Copyright © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. Terms and Conditions

Figure 8 (a) Structure of a needle-shaped crystal of CBZ dihydrate (=D) with the unit cell. (b) Orientation of CBZ molecules towards the crystal plane (−111). (c) Possible hydrogen bonds will form between (1) (left) oxygen of the sulphonate group (STC) and hydrogen of the amino group (CBZ) and (2) (right) hydrogen of the hydroxyl group (STC) and oxygen of the carbonyl group (CBZ; colors: red=oxygen, light gray/white=hydrogen). Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2009 98, 985-996DOI: (10.1002/jps.21490) Copyright © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. Terms and Conditions