Papers are due Friday, June 16 by e-mail: keneckert@hanyang.ac.kr Papers should be 800-900 words Papers should be correct MLA format Papers should have quotations from at least three English-language secondary sources (Korean ones are fine in addition to three English ones) Papers should have an MLA Works Cited list Part of the paper grade will be based on quoted evidence

Problems: papers which describe but have no argument What the ‘thesis’ is: In this paper I want to talk about x in the novel. What the essay looks like to the professor: “In this paper I want to discuss some stuff and then talk about other things and then write some more about more ideas and stuff.”

Prove it. - Quotations from the text X is not Y because you say so. Your arguments are not proven until you have evidence. - Quotations from the text - Quotations from experts or scholars - Specific examples or statistics

‘Shoveling”: e.g. unnecessary half-page quotations

English 1060 Fin de Siècle England

Late Victorian Timeline 1859: Charles Darwin publishes On the Origin of Species. 1867: Marx’s Das Kapitol is published. 1869: First Transcontinental Railroad completed in United States. 1879: Thomas Edison tests his first light bulb. 1890s: Sigmund Freud first active in psychoanalysis. 1893: New Zealand becomes the first country to enact women's suffrage. 1903: First controlled heavier-than-air flight of the Wright Brothers. 1908: First commercial radio transmissions. The Ford Motor Company invents the Model T.

Fin de Siècle: “End of the age” Strongly influenced by French culture, late Victorian intellectual activity was often marked by “stylish” cynicism and by disenchantment with the failure of democracy to spread wealth and benefits evenly from rich to poor. Growing popularity of socialist movements An intellectual movement of existentialism and depression

Fin de Siècle: “End of the age” At the same time, the growth of industrialism in Europe created a dangerous balance of powers between newly wealthy Germany and Prussia and England and France.

Storm Clouds 1. The decline in belief of man as divinely special. Darwin wasn’t an atheist until late in life, and he believed that evolutionary theory wasn’t necessarily in conflict with Christianity—many European churches believed that the Genesis story of creation wasn’t meant literally anyway. But as evolutionary theory and the scientific process became more hostile to traditional concepts of man as created by God and having a special identity, the picture of man as having a higher moral spirit is challenged.

Storm Clouds 2. The decline of belief in man as rational. Freud’s studies begin to suggest that people’s mental states are unreliable and subject to neuroses. Bergson writes on the perception of time as unstable and subjective. John Watson studies behaviorism, suggesting that people can be conditioned into different behaviors. Werner Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle (1928) argues that matter itself is unpredictable.

What is a literary “period”? A literary style or movement is like a fad or fashion – but one that might last decades, and which responds to political, historical, or intellectual events

Romanticism / Realism → Modernism (about 1900-60) → Postmodernism What is literary “modernism”? A style of writing which rejected traditional and conventional methods and saw the experience of reality as individualistic, subjective, non- chronological, and often irrational.

Characteristics of modernism Dark and pessimistic Stream-of-consciousness Nonsensical or ridiculous Playful and Experimental Strongly linked to Paris We can’t be sure what truth is.

Origins of modernism A decline in religious certainty and of man’s special and divine nature (Darwin) A decline in confidence in progress (WW I) A decline in confidence in rationality (Freud; Henri Bergson; William James) Influences from art (impressionism)

Modernism is a style affecting: Literature Art Music Architecture Theater Fashion

Cezanne The Seine at Bercy (1878)

Renoir The Boating Party (1881)

Monet Sunrise (1874) Impressionism

Munch The Scream (1893) Expressionism

Picasso Les Demoiselles d‘Avignon (1907) Cubism

Ernst The Elephant Celebes (1921) Surrealism

The Motorist, 1906

Metropolis, 1927

Cleveland Greyhound Station

Chrysler Building, New York City, 1928-30 Art Deco

Modernism in music https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eGSiZd1fTD4

Gertrude Stein The presentation of experience in the present continuous non-linear and non-chronological Contradictory and unreliable

Ulysses: One day in the life of Leopold Bloom, June 16, 1904 James Joyce Ulysses: One day in the life of Leopold Bloom, June 16, 1904 Get a light snack in Davy Byrne’s. Stopgap. Keep me going. Had a good breakfast. —Roast and mashed here. —Pint of stout. He came out into clearer air and turned back towards Grafton street. Eat or be eaten. Kill! Kill! My plate’s empty. After you with our incorporated drinkingcup. Rub off the microbes with your handkerchief. Father O’Flynn would make hares of them all. Have rows all the same. All for number one. Children fighting for the scrapings of the pot. Want a souppot as big as the Phoenix park. Hate people all round you. City Arms hotel table d’hôte she called it. Soup, joint and sweet. Never know whose thoughts you’re chewing. Then who’d wash up all the plates and forks? Might be all feeding on tabloids that time. Teeth getting worse and worse.