URBAN SANITATION Ministry of Urban Development and Housing Islamic Republic of Afghanistan Afghanistan Conference on Sanitation 2016 Ministry of Urban Development and Housing URBAN SANITATION

Current situation 30 Million population 70 % Urban Population lives in 6 major cities 29% people have access to sanitation facilities (ALCS 2014) Dropping groundwater level Increasing groundwater contamination

Wastewater contributors Latrines Fecal sludge Sewerage Grey water Drainage Storm water

Linkages between sanitation and groundwater

Groundwater Contamination Source: BGR sanitation report

Groundwater contamination Water Testing results in Urban Area % % 59% of the water samples are contaminated with bacteria 47% of water samples exceeded the WHO limit for nitrates 66% of water samples exceeded the WHO limit for salinity Time, Practical examples, All cities reference, % Bacteria Nitrogen Salinity Source: BGR Report 2004

Pollution status 21 % Safely Managed Un Safely Managed 79 % Source: GIZ-SFD (2016)

Makrorayan Wastewater Treatment Plant

Makrorayan Wastewater Treatment Plant

Potential polluters Un-planned areas Planned areas NGO’s + Embassies Governmental org. Industries +Commercials Planned areas Un-planned areas © Copyright Showeet.com

Challenges Poor sanitation infrastructure Lack of performance incentives to deliver sanitation services Weak legislation and regulations for sanitation systems Ambiguity in responsibilities & Lack of strategic planning Unsustainable donor driven projects and lower public awarness

Wastewater Management Process 1 2 3 4 5 Mostly performed Planning required

Proposed plans IWWM 1 LONG TERM IMMEDIATE AUWSC Municipality 2 Private Residential/Housing Projects Industries + Hotels NGO’s + Embassies LONG TERM IMMEDIATE AUWSC Municipality Presidential Decree Law Regulations 2 Fecal Sludge Treatment Systems Four or five zones of Kabul city 4 1 3 2 MEDIUM TERM SHORT TERM 3 Decentralized Wastewater treatment systems Toilets upgradation Public awarness AUWSC Private sector Public Private Partnerships AUWSC 4 Wastewater network Sustainable toilets Improved sanitation infrastrucure IWWM

MUDH plans Capacity Building Legal Documents Construction of FSTPs City Sanitation Planning Faecal Sludge Management Capacity Building Regulations, Guidelines and Procedures Framework for private sector involvement Legal Documents Feasibility Study Construction of a FSTP by Supported by Government Construction of FSTPs

Fecal Sludge Treatment Plant Tanker discharge Biogas Production Drying beds Wastewater treatment Re-use (greenery)

Progressive Approach

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