Introduction to Vet Science Safety & Sanitation

Objectives GOAL 1 GOAL 2 GOAL 3 Students will gain an understanding of the types of hazards common in the veterinary hospital and the organization that regulates safety standards in the workplace. They will be able to read an MSDS and locate important safety information within it. GOAL 2 Students will learn how to protect themselves from potential hazards in the workplace. They will be able to describe the correct methods of protection given scenarios describing hazardous situations. GOAL 3 Students will investigate the differences between sanitation, disinfection, and sterilization, and be able to relate which cleaning method should be used in any given situation.

A Day in the Life http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ChFdU1Jqti4&feature =related

What are some potential hazards of being a veterinarian? Get with a partner and create a list of as many hazards you can think of! You have 2 minutes….GO! 

Hazards Animals Bites Scratches Waste Hazardous Chemicals X-rays

What organization helps ensure safe and healthful working conditions?

OSHA In order to “assure safe and healthful working conditions for working men and women” Occupational Health and Safety Act 1970 Occupational Safety and Health Administration Monitor employee safety Protect employees from injury HCS (Hazard Communication Standard) Must label chemicals Flammable Corrosive Poisonous Provide MSDS (Material Safety Data Sheet)

MSDS Material Safety Data Sheet Includes 8 sections: Manufacturer Information Hazard Ingredients/ Identity Information Physical/ Chemical Characteristics Fire and Explosion Hazard Data Reactivity Data Health Hazard Data Precautions for Safe Handling and Use Control Measures

Types of Safety Hazards Physical Hazards Chemicals Hazards Biological Hazards Zoonotic Hazards

Physical Hazards Animal injuries – bites, kicking, scratches Back injuries – improperly lifting heavy objects or animals Falls on wet floors Exposure to x-rays

Chemical Hazards Drugs Cleaning agents Insecticides Anesthetic gases Many hazardous chemicals are routinely used in veterinary hospitals.

Biological hazards Living tissue and organisms Blood Urine Live vaccines Medical waste that has had contact with living tissue (urine soaked blankets, bandage material, etc.) Needles and scalpels “Sharps”

Zoonotic hazards Viruses Rabies (Hydrophobia) Sleeping Sickness (Encephalitis) Bacteria Cat Scratch Fever Leptospirosis Salmonellosis Brucellosis Anthrax Tuberculosis Parasites Sarcoptic mange Toxoplasmosis Visceral Larva Migrans (Toxocariasis) Creeping Eruption (Ancylostomiasis) Fungus Ringworm

Activity #1 Analysis of MSDS Sheet http://hospiceofrutherford.org/media/vpolicies/MSDS.pdf

Safety signs & equipment Danger Radioactive Biohazard Wet Floor Lead Gloves Dosimeter Back Brace Lead Apron Safety & Sanitation TM

Handling and Restraint Most injuries animal related Bitten or kicked Knowing proper handling & restraint methods help reduce injuries Practice on healthy & docile animals

Practice Common Cat Restraints https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tnOP18UTBTw

Drug Use and Safety Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act Passed in 1970 Regulates manufacture and distribution of drugs Places drugs into one of five schedules Kept locked Only approved people have access

Drug Schedules Schedule I: no medical use – high abuse Heroin, Methaqualone, LSD, Peyote, Psilocybin, Marijuana, Hashish, Hash Oil, amphetamine variants. Schedule II: accepted medical use – high abuse Dilaudid, Demerol, Methadone, Cocaine, PCP, Morphine, and cannabis, amphetamine and barbiturate types. Schedule III: accepted medical use – medium abuse Opium, Vicodan, Tylenol w/codine, and narcotic, amphetamine and barbiturate types. Schedule IV: accepted medical use – low abuse Darvocet, Xanax, Valium, Halcyon, Ambien, Ativan, barbiturate types. Schedule V: accepted medical use – very low abuse Lomotil, Phenergan, liquid suspensions. Safety & Sanitation TM

What is sanitation? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MkajGwaKtUc

Sanitation Process of keeping something free of any elements that would endanger health Several methods used Cleaning Disinfecting Sterilizing Antiseptics

Types of Sanitation Cleaning –physically removing all visible signs of dirt and organic matter such as feces, blood, hair, etc. Disinfecting –destroying most microorganisms on nonliving things by physical or chemical means Sterilizing – destroying ALL microorganisms and viruses on an object using chemicals and/or heat under pressure Antiseptics – solutions that destroy microorganisms or inhibit their growth on living tissue Safety & Sanitation TM

Commonly Used chemicals Alcohols – ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, ethanol Aldehydes – gluteraldehyde, formaldehyde Chlorine – bleach Iodine and Iodophors – Betadine, iodine Quaternary ammonias – Centrimide, Quatsyl-D Safety & Sanitation TM

Methods of Sanitation Physical cleaning – using a chemical with a mop or sponge Cold sterilization – soaking items in a disinfectant chemical until they are used Dry heat – incinerating an object or exposing it to flame Radiation – using ultraviolet or gamma rays Filtration – removing particles from the air using a physical barrier Ultrasound – passing high frequency sound waves through a solution to create a vibration that scrubs an object to remove debris Autoclave – a sealed chamber in which objects are exposed to heat and steam under pressure Safety & Sanitation TM