Lesson #7 English Civil War

Essential Questions What caused the English Civil War? What is your opinion of Oliver Cromwell as a leader, and as a man?

James VI of Scotland becomes James I of England King of England 1603-1625

How was James I so different than Elizabeth, or the other Tudors? Why will this matter?

STUART MONARCHS OF ENGLAND James I

What gave James I the authority to be king? Who does James I remind you of?

James’ view of Divine Right Kings are justly called gods, for that they exercise a manner or resemblance of divine power upon earth: for if you will consider the attributes to God, you shall see how they agree in the person of a king. God hath power to create or destroy make or unmake at his pleasure, to give life or send death, to judge all and to be judged nor accountable to none; to raise low things and to make high things low at his pleasure, and to God are both souls and body due. And the like power have kings: they make and unmake their subjects, they have power of raising and casting down, of life and of death, judges over all their subjects and in all causes and yet accountable to none but God only…

STUART MONARCHS OF ENGLAND James I Charles I

What gave Charles I the authority to be king?

STUART MONARCHS OF ENGLAND James I Charles I ENGLISH CIVIL WAR Parliament raised an army to attack the King’s army… 2m

STUART MONARCHS OF ENGLAND James I Charles I ENGLISH CIVIL WAR Bob Hale, Eng CW Cromwell, a Parliamentarian took command of Parliament’s military. Parliament won Cromwell then took over Parliament as dictator Oliver Cromwell, Lord Protector

What was the big change? Col Cromwell ran the Parliament army Tactics were superior (like Sweden -30 Yrs. War) defeated Charles I (translation: Roundheads beat Cavaliers) Cromwell handed power to Parliament 5 years later, he replaced them with his own military dictatorship PURITANICAL SOCIETY (no fun at all!!) 5 years after that, he died

Describe the attitude of Oliver Cromwell. Do you think Cromwell had a right to declare himself dictator?

STUART MONARCHS OF ENGLAND The Great Restoration James I Charles I ENGLISH CIVIL WAR Oliver Cromwell, Lord Protector rap Charles II James Cromwell died, and Parliament invited Charles I son to return to England – they restored the Stuarts to power.

They called that THE GREAT RESTORATION Stuart brothers returned from exile They’d been living in France (coming to appreciate how French kinds ruled) Charles II – THE MERRY MONARCH Catholic tendencies Charles II had no kids Power would pass to next in line

STUART MONARCHS OF ENGLAND James I Charles I ENGLISH CIVIL WAR Oliver Cromwell, Lord Protector Charles II James II No one liked James II, who was friends with many Catholics.

STUART MONARCHS OF ENGLAND James’ first wife had two daughters who were raised as Protestants. James I Charles I ENGLISH CIVIL WAR Oliver Cromwell, Lord Protector Charles II James II Mary (Protestant) Anne (Protestant)

THE GLORIOUS REVOLUTION James II was hated by English He had two daughters Hope of the English: he’d die, they’d come to power But then, he had a son… planed to raise young Charlie Catholic So, Parliament decided to dump James and his son… And invite James’ older sister to the throne

STUART MONARCHS OF ENGLAND James married a second time to a Catholic woman, who would raise kids as Catholics. James I Charles I ENGLISH CIVIL WAR Oliver Cromwell, Lord Protector James then had son by that woman who would be Catholic. That was unacceptable Charles II James II Mary (Protestant) Anne (Protestant) James (Catholic)

STUART MONARCHS OF ENGLAND So Parliament dumped James and invited his daughter, Mary and her husband to be the next monarchs. James I Charles I ENGLISH CIVIL WAR Oliver Cromwell, Lord Protector Charles II James II William of Orange from Netherlands Mary (Protestant) Anne (Protestant) James (Catholic)

WILLIAM OF ORANGE James’ sister Mary had married the Dutch leader Was VERY protestant Perfect for the English They invited William and Mary to “invade” James II ran into exile, to France, with Charlie Parliament then extended their power Which was “revolutionary” And in this war, no one died Hence the name “glorious” and “revolution” Parliament had demands for William and Mary

STUART MONARCHS OF ENGLAND GLORIOUS REVOLUTION was when William and Mary were invited to invade England by Parliament and claim the throne from James II. James I Charles I His son would never be king ENGLISH CIVIL WAR Oliver Cromwell, Lord Protector Charles II James II William III Mary II Anne (Protestant) James (Catholic)

STUART MONARCHS OF ENGLAND William and Mary would rule as joint monarchs James I Charles I ENGLISH CIVIL WAR Oliver Cromwell, Lord Protector Charles II James II Anne (Protestant) James (Catholic) William III Mary II

ENGLISH BILL OF RIGHTS William and Mary had to promise: they’d agree to a limit to their power (called the BILL OF RIGHTS) They’d call Parliament regularly giving them real power They had to agree to share power They died with no kids, so… Power passed the younger sister, Anne

STUART MONARCHS OF ENGLAND When William and Mary died, Anne became queen. Anne had no kids who lived past infancy, so the Stuart line died with her. James I Charles I ENGLISH CIVIL WAR Oliver Cromwell, Lord Protector Charles II James II Anne I James (Catholic) William III Mary II

Answer one of these questions as the opening paragraph to a good essay 1. Discuss how our American Revolution can trace its roots to the English Civil War. 2. How did Elizabeth’s lack of an heir lead indirectly to the English Civil War?