CHEMISTRY of the Atom.

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Presentation transcript:

CHEMISTRY of the Atom

The particle is said to “hold” atoms together in molecules. CHEMISTRY of the Atom PARTICLES: Mass Charge Symbol Nucleus: PROTON 1 amu +1 H+, H, p NEUTRON 1 amu 0 n _________________________________________ ELECTRON very small -1 e - The particle is said to “hold” atoms together in molecules. © Copyright 1998-2000 R.J. Rusay

Periodic Table Mendeleev’s Table 1868-1871 Mural at St.Petersburg University, Russia © Copyright 1998-2000 R.J. Rusay

Periodic Table Elements are classified by: - properties & atomic number - metals, non-metals, metalloids Groups or Families (vertical) 1A = alkali metals 2A = alkaline earth metals 7A = halogens 8A = noble gases Periods (horizontal)

Group 1 and Group 2 Metals

Modern Periodic Table From Los Alamos National laboratory: © Copyright 1998 R.J. Rusay

Using the Periodic Table

Atoms, Molecules & Ions Atoms: # Protons = Atomic Number Atomic Mass = # Protons + # of Neutrons Isotope: same atomic number but different atomic mass Periodic Table atomic mass is a weighted average of isotopic masses © Copyright 1998-2000 R.J. Rusay

Atoms, Molecules & Ions Atomic Mass of Carbon: What is the “weighted” atomic mass? © Copyright 1998-2000 R.J. Rusay

Atoms, Molecules and Ions Atomic Number = 6 (atom’s identity) Carbon Atomic Mass = 13 (isotope 13) 6 protons; # neutrons = 13 - 6 neutral atom has 6 electrons © Copyright 1998-2000 R.J. Rusay

Atomic Symbols 39 K Mass number   Element Symbol 19 Atomic number 

Atoms, Molecules and Ions Atomic Number = 12 (atom’s identity) Atomic Mass = 24 12 protons; # neutrons = 24 - 12 neutral atom has 12 electrons Ion contains 10 electrons: symbol? 12 p+ + 10e- = +2 © Copyright 1998-2000 R.J. Rusay

Atoms, Molecules and Ions Atomic Number = 17 (atom’s identity) Atomic Mass = ? # protons = ? ; # neutrons = ? neutral atom has ? electrons Ion contains 18 electrons: symbol? 17 p+ + 18e- = -1 © Copyright 1998-2000 R.J. Rusay

Ions Cation: A positive ion Mg2+, NH4+ Anion: A negative ion Cl, SO42 Ionic Bonding: Force of attraction between oppositely charged ions.

Molecules Neutrally Charged Eg. Salt: NaCl -> 1 Na+ and 1 Cl - What is the proportion of ions for a compound formed from Mg ion and chlorine? Mg2+ and Cl 1 Mg2+ combines with 2 Cl

C20H26N2O (Ibogaine, not ionic) Chemical Formulas Molecular Formula: Elements’ Symbols = atoms Subscripts = relative numbers of atoms How many atoms of each element are in the following componds? MgCl2 CCl4 NaOH (NH4) 2CO3 C20H26N2O (Ibogaine, not ionic)

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