Biology I Chapter 17

Vocab 31-40 #1-5 Cancer Heat Heart Slow Windpipe

#6-10 Breakdown Center Hundreth Head Tail

#11-15 & Bonuses Allopatric Meiosis Mitosis mRNA Reproduce fertile offspring Transcription Translation

Vocab #41-50 #1-5 Brain Neck Claw Chemical Green

#6-10 Around Cartilage Color Hollow Time

#11-15 & Bonuses DNARNA Diffusion Grow Gametes Hydrogen RNAProtein Uracil

Do Now Examine the timeline below. Which of the following events best fits the missing information on the timeline? A. evolution of first amphibians B. evolution of first prokaryotes C. evolution of first multicellular organisms D. formation of an aerobic atmosphere

The leg of an iguana and the wing of a bird look different, but they have similar functions and likely evolved from the same distant ancestor. Structures such as these are said to be _______. A. heterogeneous B. differentiated C. vestigial D. homologous

Biodiversity Crash Course-Anatomy Biodiversity-the variety of organisms considered at all levels from populations to ecosystems. Taxonomy-The science of classifying living things

The Linnaean System Carolus Linnaeus-developed the system of classifying organisms by assigning them a genus and species name Gave organisms a Genus species Latin name.

Levels of Classification Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

Felis catus Species Felis Genus Felidae Family Carnivora Order Mammalia Class Chordata Phylum Animalia Kingdom Eukarya Domain

Levels of Classification The lowest hierarchy level in biological classification is the species. The highest hierarchy level in biological classification is the Domain.

Levels of Classification Least inclusive Species Most inclusive Domain

Levels of Classification Organisms in different genera may share the second word of their scientific names. may be in the same family. may be in different orders.

Levels of Classification Today, biologists classify organisms by their behavioral similarities physical similarities chemical similarities

Do Now In 2 lines, explain why it was necessary to make a universal classification system of organisms.

Nearly all mammals have seven cervical (neck) vertebrae Nearly all mammals have seven cervical (neck) vertebrae. This fact implies that A. all animals can turn their heads the same amount. B. predators prefer to eat animals with either six or eight cervical vertebrae. C. all mammals have to stretch their necks to obtain food. D. all mammals descended from a common ancestor.

What does it mean to say that two different species of organisms are closely related? A. They have a common evolutionary ancestor. B. They have the same preferences in diet. C. They have the same parents. D. They live in the same habitat.

Systematics Systematics-to classify organisms in terms of their natural relationships Used in systematic taxonomy to classify organisms Patterns of embryological development Homologous features Amino acid sequences of proteins

Phylogenetics Phylogeny-the evolutionary history of a species Phylogenetic Tree-presumed evolutionary relationships based on a variety of types of evidence.

Figure 15.7B Felis catus (domestic cat) Lutra lutra (European otter) Mephitis mephitis (striped skunk) Canis familiaris (domestic dog) Canis lupus (wolf) Species Genus Felis Mephitis Lutra Canis Family Felidae Mustelidae Canidae Order Carnivora Figure 15.7B

Cladistics Cladistics-a system of phylogenetic analysis that uses shared and derived characters as the only criteria for grouping taxa Shared character-a feature that all members of a group have in common Derived character-a feature that evolved only within the group under consideration Cladogram-a phylogenetic diagram

Cladistics

SABER TOOTH TIGER PRESENT DAY TIGER The skeletons of a saber tooth tiger and a present-day tiger are shown above. Which of the following is a structural difference between the saber tooth and the present-day tiger? A. size of scapulae B. shape and size of skull C. size of teeth D. all of these

The study of structural differences and similarities among living things is called _______. A. neurology B. comparative biochemistry C. comparative anatomy D. embryology

Three Domain Classification System Carl Woese proposed the three-domain system of classification based on the examination of ribosomal RNA.

Three Domain Classification System The three domain system of classification is based on similarities and differences in : Ribosomal RNA Embryological development Fossils Physical features Various molecular structures

Classification Domain Kingdom Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic Unicellular or Multicellular Autotroph, Heterotroph, or Both Miscellaneous

Archaea Domain Archaea Kingdom Archaebacteria Prokaryotic Unicellular Both Use hydrogen to produce methane

Bacteria Domain Bacteria Kingdom Eubacteria Prokaryotic Unicellular Both Contains fatty acids

Protists Domain Eukarya Kingdom Protista Eukaryotic Unicellular Both Lack tissue organization; any eukaryotes that are not plants, animals, or fungi

Fungi Domain Eukarya Kingdom Fungi Eukaryotic Multicellular (Some Unicellular) Heterotrophic (absorbs food) Breaks down organic matter, which it then absorbs

Plantae Domain Eukarya Kingdom Plantae Eukaryotic Multicellular Autotrophic Cell wall made of cellulose

Animalia Domain Eukarya Kingdom Animalia Eukaryotic Multicellular Heterotrophic (ingests food) Movement

The figure above shows the progression of embryonic stages of four species of invertebrates. Which of the following species are most closely related by evolution? A. Species A and Species D B. Species A and Species B C. Species C and Species D D. Species B and Species C

Look at the organisms in the image above Look at the organisms in the image above. Which of the following organisms are most closely related evolutionarily? A. fish and clam B. fish and starfish C. starfish and sand dollar D. crab and starfish