Taxonomy

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Taxonomy E.Q. How does taxonomy/biological classification enable us to classify all living things?

Explain Let’s apply the shoe activity to how living things are classified. https://www.brainpop.com/science/diversityoflife/classification/ Brainpop

(8) What is Taxonomy? Def. It is the study of grouping and naming living things. A.D. 1 -Taxonomy is also known as biological classification. A.D. 2 -Scientists organize living things so that they can examine relationships between various organisms, especially when they find new species or old fossils. A.D. 3 -Taxonomy also gives every species a name based on a standard method so scientists from different countries can talk about the same animal without confusion. (kind of like the metric system of measurement)

What is Taxonomy? Def. It is the study of ___________ and _________ ___________ things. A.D. 1 -_____________is also known as ______________ __________________. A.D. 2 -Scientists ____________ living things so that they can _____________ ________________ between various organisms, especially when they find new species or old fossils. A.D. 3 -Taxonomy also gives every __________ a _______ based on a standard method so scientists from different countries can talk about the ________ animal without ______________.

The modern system of classification has 8 levels: Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

All known living things fit into one of these 6 broad kingdoms. Taxonomy-Where it starts and how it works All known living things fit into one of these 6 broad kingdoms.

Classification of Living Things

Look at the size of each level Look at the size of each level. As the size of the levels get smaller, what is happening to the organisms? The further we subdivide the taxa (levels)… the more specific we get, there are fewer organisms, and they are more closely-related. Is it prokaryotic or eukaryotic? If prokaryotic, it’s a bacteria of some kind. If eukaryotic, it’s not a bacteria. If it’s eukaryotic, is it a plant, animal, fungi, or protist (amoebas and stuff)? If it’s an animal, does it have a backbone or not? If it has a backbone, is it a mammal, reptile, amphibian, bird, etc.? If it’s a mammal, is it an herbivore, carnivore, etc.? If it’s an herbivore, does it have feet or hooves? If it has feet, is it an elephant?(There are 2 kinds.) If it has a two-domed head, it’s an Asian elephant!

Quickly draw a flow map on page 14 to show the ordering of the taxonomic levels.

Asian elephant – 2-domed head, smaller ears African elephant – Non-domed head, larger ears

Phylum – Body Structures

Class

After class we have order The orders within the class Mammalia are described in the following pictures Lets follow the carnivora order

After order we have Family There are many different types of animals within the family. All with unique characteristics. Lets follow the canis family

After Family we have Genus All of these animals belong to the family canis. Because of this we have to specify them into genus and species. To classify the Grey Wolf we follow

Genus… A genus consists of a group of closely related species Other animals in the Canis group include dogs and coyotes The genus name is always Capitalized

Lastly….Species (Very specific)

Species... A species consists of animals that can mate and produce fertile offspring Only grey wolves are known as lupus. The species name is always lowercase A species is one and only one kind of organism.

An organism is known by two names…the genus and the species. This system is called binomial nomenclature. It literally means “two names”. (“bi” means “two” and “nomen” means “name”) Canis lupus is the scientific name for a gray wolf. Homo sapiens is the scientific name for a human being. (It means “thinking man” or “wise man” – Cool, huh!?) The genus comes first and the species comes second.

Add to taxonomy notes. Yes, write it! Put it on the flash card. The further we subdivide the taxa (levels)… the more specific we get, there are fewer organisms, and they are more closely-related.

Theory of Evolution Notes

Elaborate: The Dichotomous Key A key is a device for easily and quickly identifying an unknown organism. The dichotomous key is the most widely used type in biological sciences. The user is presented with a sequence of choices between two statements, couplets, based on characteristics of the organism. By always making the correct choice, the name of the organism will be revealed. Let’s try an activity using a dichotomous key to identify some organisms and then complete the questions at the end.

Ticket out the door: As the taxa (levels) of biological classification are further subdivided, the organisms become more/less (pick one) closely related.