Bioenergy & Alternative Fuels FOR 295 Presentation November 25, 2008 Alternative Energy Technologies The University of Montana

Alternative Energy Technologies The University of Montana FOR 295 Presentation November 25, 2008 Alternative Energy Technologies The University of Montana

May you live in interesting times… 时势造英雄 May you live in interesting times… FOR 295 Presentation November 25, 2008 Alternative Energy Technologies The University of Montana

Light Crude Oil (NYMEX) http://futures.tradingcharts.com/printchart/CO/M FOR 295 Presentation November 25, 2008 Alternative Energy Technologies The University of Montana

Alternative Energy Technologies The University of Montana http://www.census.gov/ipc/www/idb/worldpopinfo.html FOR 295 Presentation November 25, 2008 Alternative Energy Technologies The University of Montana

Alternative Energy Technologies The University of Montana Peak Oil? http://www.odac-info.org/links/documents/LBST_Countdown_2004-10-12.pdf FOR 295 Presentation November 25, 2008 Alternative Energy Technologies The University of Montana

Alternative Energy Technologies The University of Montana US Energy Flow in Quads http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/pdf/pages/sec1_3.pdf 2007 data FOR 295 Presentation November 25, 2008 Alternative Energy Technologies The University of Montana

Alternative Energy Technologies The University of Montana http://www.eia.doe.gov/oiaf/aeo/electricity.html FOR 295 Presentation November 25, 2008 Alternative Energy Technologies The University of Montana

Alternative Energy Technologies The University of Montana http://www.eia.doe.gov/oiaf/ieo/emissions.html FOR 295 Presentation November 25, 2008 Alternative Energy Technologies The University of Montana

Alternative Energy Technologies The University of Montana http://www.eia.doe.gov/oiaf/aeo/electricity.html FOR 295 Presentation November 25, 2008 Alternative Energy Technologies The University of Montana

Alternative Energy Technologies The University of Montana http://www.epa.gov/cleanenergy/documents/egridzips/eGRID2007V1_0_year05_SummaryTables.pdf FOR 295 Presentation November 25, 2008 Alternative Energy Technologies The University of Montana

Alternative Energy Technologies The University of Montana Terminology Renewable Sustainable Alternative FOR 295 Presentation November 25, 2008 Alternative Energy Technologies The University of Montana

Alternative Energy Technologies The University of Montana Biomass Definition Any renewable organic matter such as agricultural crops, crop-waste residues, wood, animal and municipal wastes, aquatic plants and fungal growth used for the production of energy. www.ethanol-gec.org/clean/cf13.htm FOR 295 Presentation November 25, 2008 Alternative Energy Technologies The University of Montana

Alternative Energy Technologies The University of Montana Biomass Utilization Biopower Biofuels Ethanol Methanol Biodiesel Methane Producer gas Bioproducts – lubes, composites FOR 295 Presentation November 25, 2008 Alternative Energy Technologies The University of Montana

Alternative Energy Technologies The University of Montana The Promise of Biomass Renewable Abundant Carbon Neutral Diffuse Global Helps Agriculture, Forest Multiuse Food Shelter Energy Materials FOR 295 Presentation November 25, 2008 Alternative Energy Technologies The University of Montana

The Problem with Biomass Costly to gather Low energy density Low physical density Moisture content Costly to transport Additional processing Arable land competition Water resources Fuel vs. feed Deforestation FOR 295 Presentation November 25, 2008 Alternative Energy Technologies The University of Montana

Alternative Energy Technologies The University of Montana http://jcwinnie.biz/wordpress/?p=2815 FOR 295 Presentation November 25, 2008 Alternative Energy Technologies The University of Montana

Alternative Energy Technologies The University of Montana http://www.nrel.gov/gis/images/biomass.jpg FOR 295 Presentation November 25, 2008 Alternative Energy Technologies The University of Montana

US Annual Biomass Potential http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy06osti/39181.pdf ~8,000 petajoules/yr total = 2,222 terawatt-hours. US uses about 29 terawatt-hours/yr; energy for 76 US’s. FOR 295 Presentation November 25, 2008 Alternative Energy Technologies The University of Montana

Alternative Energy Technologies The University of Montana Feedstock Breakout http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy06osti/39181.pdf FOR 295 Presentation November 25, 2008 Alternative Energy Technologies The University of Montana

US Installed Biomass Generation MIT Presentation FOR 295 Presentation November 25, 2008 Alternative Energy Technologies The University of Montana

Montana Biomass Resource http://www.energyatlas.org/PDFs/LowRes/atlas_state_MT.pdf Electrical generating capacity 6 million megawatt-hours; 600,000 homes FOR 295 Presentation November 25, 2008 Alternative Energy Technologies The University of Montana

Criteria for Biomass Development Residues/wastes utilized Does not compete with food/feed Energy crops on unused or marginal lands Minimizes or eliminates resources Irrigation, tilling, pesticides, herbicides Regionally produced and consumed FOR 295 Presentation November 25, 2008 Alternative Energy Technologies The University of Montana

Alternative Energy Technologies The University of Montana FOR 295 Presentation November 25, 2008 Alternative Energy Technologies The University of Montana

Alternative Energy Technologies The University of Montana FOR 295 Presentation November 25, 2008 Alternative Energy Technologies The University of Montana

Alternative Energy Technologies The University of Montana Bio-Ethanol Debate “Ethanol fuel from corn faulted as 'unsustainable subsidized food burning' in analysis by Cornell scientist” Cornell News Headline, 8/16/2001 Author: David Pimentel Current studies estimate 25% to 35% more energy derived than invested. http://www.news.cornell.edu/releases/Aug01/corn-basedethanol.hrs.html FOR 295 Presentation November 25, 2008 Alternative Energy Technologies The University of Montana

Ethanol Energy Balance http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel_library/PimentelComments4_5_05.pdf NREL Report FOR 295 Presentation November 25, 2008 Alternative Energy Technologies The University of Montana

Alternative Energy Technologies The University of Montana Ethanol Summary NREL Study Note Dates of Study FOR 295 Presentation November 25, 2008 Alternative Energy Technologies The University of Montana

Alternative Energy Technologies The University of Montana Pimentel Critique NREL Study FOR 295 Presentation November 25, 2008 Alternative Energy Technologies The University of Montana

Alternative Energy Technologies The University of Montana US Ethanol Capacity FOR 295 Presentation November 25, 2008 Alternative Energy Technologies The University of Montana

Alternative Energy Technologies The University of Montana FOR 295 Presentation November 25, 2008 Alternative Energy Technologies The University of Montana

Alternative Energy Technologies The University of Montana Biodiesel Facts Lower energy content than Diesel Biodiesel: 118,296 BTUs per gallon No. 2 Diesel: 129,500 BTUs per gallon Source National Biodiesel Board Energy Lifecycle 3.2 units of energy are produced for each energy unit used Source NREL K. Gustad’s Presentation FOR 295 Presentation November 25, 2008 Alternative Energy Technologies The University of Montana 32

Alternative Energy Technologies The University of Montana The Chemistry K. Gustad’s Presentation FOR 295 Presentation November 25, 2008 Alternative Energy Technologies The University of Montana

US Bio Diesel Production http://www.biodiesel.org/pdf_files/fuelfactsheets/Production_Graph_Slide.pdf FOR 295 Presentation November 25, 2008 Alternative Energy Technologies The University of Montana

Advancing technologies that protect the climate Climate Choice Advancing technologies that protect the climate Technologies | About Climate Choice | How to Participate | Program Benefits | Nominate a Technology | Home Technologies In March 2008, EPA announced its first three climate choice technologies: Micro-Combined Heat and Power (CHP) for residential homes. By generating heat and electricity for the home, this technology reduces greenhouse gas emissions and electricity demand. Learn more about Micro CHP. High-efficiency outdoor area lighting. Advances in outdoor area lighting offer substantial energy savings and reduced maintenance. Learn more about high-efficiency outdoor area lighting. Advanced new home construction: a technology package to minimize carbon emissions from newly constructed houses. Learn more about advanced new home construction. http://www.epa.gov/cppd/climatechoice/technology.htm FOR 295 Presentation November 25, 2008 Alternative Energy Technologies The University of Montana

Downdraft Gasification 1st explored in late 1600’s Used in WWII by Swedes & Germans Updated technology Computerized Advanced process control Combined heat & power Modular & portable Scalable: 5 – 50 kW FOR 295 Presentation November 25, 2008 Alternative Energy Technologies The University of Montana

Alternative Energy Technologies The University of Montana Gasifier Schematic http://gcep.stanford.edu/pdfs/energy_workshops_04_04/biomass_overend.pdf FOR 295 Presentation November 25, 2008 Alternative Energy Technologies The University of Montana

Alternative Energy Technologies The University of Montana Gasifier Chemistry http://www.nrel.gov/biomass/pdfs/overview_biomass_gasification.pdf FOR 295 Presentation November 25, 2008 Alternative Energy Technologies The University of Montana

Alternative Energy Technologies The University of Montana Early examples of mobile gasification FOR 295 Presentation November 25, 2008 Alternative Energy Technologies The University of Montana

Biomass & the Environment FOR 295 Presentation November 25, 2008 Alternative Energy Technologies The University of Montana

Other Alternative Fuels Natural gas Propane, lpg Hybrid Hydrogen Electric Compressed air http://www.popularmechanics.com/automotive/new_cars/4217016.html FOR 295 Presentation November 25, 2008 Alternative Energy Technologies The University of Montana

Alternative Energy Technologies The University of Montana Hydrogen Hydrogen safety ICE vs Fuel Cell Storage Water is exhaust FOR 295 Presentation November 25, 2008 Alternative Energy Technologies The University of Montana

Alternative Energy Technologies The University of Montana Electric Speed, range, charging Batteries FOR 295 Presentation November 25, 2008 Alternative Energy Technologies The University of Montana

Alternative Energy Technologies The University of Montana Compressed Air 68 mph 125 mile range 5 minute refill On-board compressor 5000 psi $13,000 India 2009 http://www.popularmechanics.com/automotive/new_cars/4217016.html FOR 295 Presentation November 25, 2008 Alternative Energy Technologies The University of Montana

Conventional Mass Transit Massive Costs 10 to 100’s million $ Limited coverage Schedule Frequent stops Often crowded Inconvenient High maintenance & operating costs http://www.monorails.org/tMspages/LRTconst.html FOR 295 Presentation November 25, 2008 Alternative Energy Technologies The University of Montana

Personal Rapid Transport Skytran Brochure FOR 295 Presentation November 25, 2008 Alternative Energy Technologies The University of Montana

Alternative Energy Technologies The University of Montana Summary Biomass has vast potential and will play an increasing role in the new energy paradigm Focus should be on utilizing residues and marginal lands Bio ethanol has a positive energy balance Biofuels improve environment, economy, and national security FOR 295 Presentation November 25, 2008 Alternative Energy Technologies The University of Montana

Alternative Energy Technologies The University of Montana 时势造英雄 May you live in interesting times… May you come to the attention of the authorities May you find what you are looking for http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_you_live_in_interesting_times FOR 295 Presentation November 25, 2008 Alternative Energy Technologies The University of Montana

Alternative Energy Technologies The University of Montana http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy06osti/39181.pdf FOR 295 Presentation November 25, 2008 Alternative Energy Technologies The University of Montana

Alternative Energy Technologies The University of Montana http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6V22-4GR33NT-1&_user=5041250&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000052291&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=5041250&md5=cbbc36cced41eb195539986e13b94f2d FOR 295 Presentation November 25, 2008 Alternative Energy Technologies The University of Montana

Alternative Energy Technologies The University of Montana FOR 295 Presentation November 25, 2008 Alternative Energy Technologies The University of Montana

Alternative Energy Technologies The University of Montana http://nzdl.sadl.uleth.ca/cgi-bin/library?e=d-00000-00---off-0hdl--00-0--0-10-0---0---0prompt-10---4-------0-1l--11-en-50---20-about---00-0-1-00-0-0-11-1-0utfZz-8-00&a=d&c=hdl&cl=CL3.22&d=HASH010981c440ac81ec26f05d65.6 FOR 295 Presentation November 25, 2008 Alternative Energy Technologies The University of Montana

Alternative Energy Technologies The University of Montana http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6V22-4GR33NT-1&_user=5041250&_coverDate=10%2F31%2F2005&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5690&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_acct=C000052291&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=5041250&md5=741f3f345001ee041aaee567ad7c9602#SECX7 FOR 295 Presentation November 25, 2008 Alternative Energy Technologies The University of Montana

Alternative Energy Technologies The University of Montana Biorefinery FOR 295 Presentation November 25, 2008 Alternative Energy Technologies The University of Montana

Alternative Energy Technologies The University of Montana USDA newsletter FOR 295 Presentation November 25, 2008 Alternative Energy Technologies The University of Montana