BUILDING VOCABULARY SKILLS Fourth Edition Sherrie L. Nist © 2010 Townsend Press

Unit Two: Chapter 8 • compensate • moderate • conceive • supplement • derive • surpass • diversity • tentative • inhibit • verify Page 46 in textbook.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 1 compensate – verb Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 1 compensate – verb • Some companies still don’t compensate women for their work as much as they pay men who do similar work. • When an oil rig explosion killed Sam, the company compensated his widow with $100,000. However, nothing could really repay her for his loss. Compensate means A. to notice. B. to pay. C. to hire. Page 46 in textbook. Answer: B The next slide explains the answer.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 1 compensate – verb Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 1 compensate – verb • Some companies still don’t compensate women for their work as much as they pay men who do similar work. • When an oil rig explosion killed Sam, the company compensated his widow with $100,000. However, nothing could really repay her for his loss. Compensate means A. to notice. B. to pay. C. to hire. Page 46 in textbook. In the first item, the word pay is a clue. In the second item the word repay is a clue. The company paid Sam’s widow $100,000.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 2 conceive – verb Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 2 conceive – verb • When studying Australia in school, I conceived an interesting class project—each student could write to an Australian pen pal. • Most people in the 1800s could not have imagined such things as TV and heart transplants. What will the next hundred years bring that we cannot yet conceive of? Conceive means A. to think of. B. to expect. C. to remember. Page 46 in textbook. Answer: A The next slide explains the answer.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 2 conceive – verb Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 2 conceive – verb • When studying Australia in school, I conceived an interesting class project—each student could write to an Australian pen pal. • Most people in the 1800s could not have imagined such things as TV and heart transplants. What will the next hundred years bring that we cannot yet conceive of? Conceive means A. to think of. B. to expect. C. to remember. Page 46 in textbook. When studying Australia, the student thought of an interesting project. Just as people in the 1800s couldn’t think of such things as TV, we cannot now think of things that will exist a hundred years from now.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 3 derive – verb Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 3 derive – verb • We derive plastics from oil. As a result, when oil prices go up, so do the prices of plastic products. • Sarah derived pleasure from visiting and reading to old people after school. She enjoyed their company and felt she was doing something worthwhile. Derive means A. to recognize. B. to get. C. to want. Page 46 in textbook. Answer: B The next slide explains the answer.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 3 derive – verb Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 3 derive – verb • We derive plastics from oil. As a result, when oil prices go up, so do the prices of plastic products. • Sarah derived pleasure from visiting and reading to old people after school. She enjoyed their company and felt she was doing something worthwhile. Derive means A. to recognize. B. to get. C. to want. Page 46 in textbook. Because we get plastics from oil, the price of plastic products goes up when oil prices go up. If Sarah enjoys their company and feels she is doing something worthwhile, she must get pleasure from visiting and reading to old people.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 4 diversity – noun Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 4 diversity – noun • There’s a great diversity of breakfast cereals at the supermarket. There are so many different kinds that they take up half an aisle. • “One thing I’m looking for in a college,” Janelle told her counselor, “is diversity. I want to meet many different kinds of people.” Diversity means A. sameness. B. need. C. variety. Page 46 in textbook. Answer: C The next slide explains the answer. “Our office has been nominated to receive an award for Diversity in the Workplace!”

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 4 diversity – noun Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 4 diversity – noun • There’s a great diversity of breakfast cereals at the supermarket. There are so many different kinds that they take up half an aisle. • “One thing I’m looking for in a college,” Janelle told her counselor, “is diversity. I want to meet many different kinds of people.” Diversity means A. sameness. B. need. C. variety. Page 46 in textbook. If there are so many different kinds of cereals, there must be a great variety of cereals. If Janelle wants to meet many different kinds of people, she wants her college to have a variety of people. “Our office has been nominated to receive an award for Diversity in the Workplace!”

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 5 inhibit – verb Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 5 inhibit – verb • Steve wanted to drive fast in his new car, but the fact that he had already gotten two speeding tickets inhibited him. • Many people believe exercise makes one eat more, but I find that exercise inhibits my urge to snack. Inhibit means A. to hold back. B. to get into the habit. C. to satisfy. Page 46 in textbook. Answer: A The next slide explains the answer.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 5 inhibit – verb Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 5 inhibit – verb • Steve wanted to drive fast in his new car, but the fact that he had already gotten two speeding tickets inhibited him. • Many people believe exercise makes one eat more, but I find that exercise inhibits my urge to snack. Inhibit means A. to hold back. B. to get into the habit. C. to satisfy. Page 46 in textbook. Having already gotten two speeding tickets would hold Steve back from driving fast. In contrast with people who think exercise makes one eat more, the speaker finds it holds back his or her urge to snack.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 6 moderate – adjective Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 6 moderate – adjective • The trail was neither flat nor extremely steep—it was moderate, suitable for the average hiker. • The prices at this restaurant aren’t dirt cheap, but they are moderate. So we should be able to have a nice dinner without spending too much. Moderate means A. modern. B. average. C. difficult. Page 46 in textbook. Answer: B The next slide explains the answer.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 6 moderate – adjective Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 6 moderate – adjective • The trail was neither flat nor extremely steep—it was moderate, suitable for the average hiker. • The prices at this restaurant aren’t dirt cheap, but they are moderate. So we should be able to have a nice dinner without spending too much. Moderate means A. modern. B. average. C. difficult. Page 46 in textbook. If the trail is not flat or extremely steep, it must be average. The word average is a clue. If the prices aren’t dirt cheap but one can have a nice meal without spending too much, the prices must be average.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 7 supplement – verb Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 7 supplement – verb • Many people supplement their diet with vitamins. • At busy times of the year, the department store supplements its sales staff with temporary workers. Supplement means A. to replace. B. to add to. C. to reduce. Page 47 in textbook. Answer: B The next slide explains the answer.

These pills add calcium TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 7 supplement – verb • Many people supplement their diet with vitamins. • At busy times of the year, the department store supplements its sales staff with temporary workers. Supplement means A. to replace. B. to add to. C. to reduce. Page 47 in textbook. Vitamins are something people add to their diet. The department store would add temporary workers to their sales staff to handle the extra customers. These pills add calcium to one’s diet.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 8 surpass – verb Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 8 surpass – verb • With hard work, you can reach and even surpass many of your highest goals. • Denise was disappointed that she had only matched Rhonda’s record leap in the high jump—she had hoped to surpass it. Surpass means A. to go beyond. B. to avoid. C. to equal. Page 47 in textbook. Answer: A The next slide explains the answer.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 8 surpass – verb Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 8 surpass – verb • With hard work, you can reach and even surpass many of your highest goals. • Denise was disappointed that she had only matched Rhonda’s record leap in the high jump—she had hoped to surpass it. Surpass means A. to go beyond. B. to avoid. C. to equal. Page 47 in textbook. Not only can you reach your highest goals; you can even go beyond them. If Denise was disappointed to have only matched Rhonda’s record, she must have hoped to go beyond it.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 9 tentative – adjective Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 9 tentative – adjective • My parents’ wedding anniversary party date is tentative. Before we finalize the date, we have to be sure that everyone can be with us that weekend. • Class membership was tentative because many students were still dropping and adding courses. Tentative means A. clear. B. uncertain. C. early. Page 47 in textbook. Answer: B The next slide explains the answer.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 9 tentative – adjective Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 9 tentative – adjective • My parents’ wedding anniversary party date is tentative. Before we finalize the date, we have to be sure that everyone can be with us that weekend. • Class membership was tentative because many students were still dropping and adding courses. Tentative means A. clear. B. uncertain. C. early. Page 47 in textbook. If they have not finalized the date yet, the date must be uncertain. If students were still dropping and adding courses, class membership would be uncertain.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 10 verify – verb Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 10 verify – verb • Race officials verified who the winner was by checking a photo of the horses at the finish line. • We’d love to come to the party, but I have to check my calendar to verify that we’re free that evening. Verify means A. to predict. B. to deny. C. to make sure. Page 47 in textbook. Answer: C The next slide explains the answer.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 10 verify – verb Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 10 verify – verb • Race officials verified who the winner was by checking a photo of the horses at the finish line. • We’d love to come to the party, but I have to check my calendar to verify that we’re free that evening. Verify means A. to predict. B. to deny. C. to make sure. Page 47 in textbook. Race officials would want to make sure who the winner was. One would check one’s calendar to make sure he or she was available on the evening of the party.

SENTENCE CHECK 1 Complete each item with the correct word from the box. A. compensate B. conceive C. derive D. diversity E. inhibit F. moderate G. supplement H. surpass I. tentative J. verify 1. The Mississippi River __________s its name from Native American words meaning “big river.” 2. To __________ that his checkbook balance was correct, Craig added the numbers again. Page 48 in textbook. Answers: 1. derive; 2. verify The next slide explains the answers.

SENTENCE CHECK 1 Complete each item with the correct word from the box. A. compensate B. conceive C. derive D. diversity E. inhibit F. moderate G. supplement H. surpass I. tentative J. verify 1. The Mississippi River ___________ its name from Native American words meaning “big river.” derives The Mississippi River gets its name from Native American words. 2. To __________ that his checkbook balance was correct, Craig added the numbers again. verify Page 48 in textbook. Craig would add the numbers again to check the accuracy of his checkbook balance.

SENTENCE CHECK 1 Complete each item with the correct word from the box. A. compensate B. conceive C. derive D. diversity E. inhibit F. moderate G. supplement H. surpass I. tentative J. verify 3. If you aren’t very hungry, then take only a __________ helping of food. 4. The exact cast of the movie remains __________ until the director finds out if Will Smith is available. Page 48 in textbook. Answers: 3. moderate; 4. tentative; 5. surpass The next slide explains the answers. 5. Babe Ruth’s record number of home runs in a single baseball season was __________(e)d first by Roger Maris in 1961, then by Mark McGwire in 1998, and most recently by Barry Bonds in 2001.

SENTENCE CHECK 1 Complete each item with the correct word from the box. A. compensate B. conceive C. derive D. diversity E. inhibit F. moderate G. supplement H. surpass I. tentative J. verify 3. If you aren’t very hungry, then take only a __________ helping of food. moderate A medium helping of food would be enough if you aren’t very hungry. 4. The exact cast of the movie remains __________ until the director finds out if Will Smith is available. tentative If the director does not yet know if Will Smith is available, the exact cast would not be final. Page 48 in textbook. 5. Babe Ruth’s record number of home runs in a single baseball season was _____________ first by Roger Maris in 1961, then by Mark McGwire in 1998, and most recently by Barry Bonds in 2001. surpassed In 1961, 1998, and 2001, other players went beyond Babe Ruth’s record number of homeruns.

SENTENCE CHECK 1 Complete each item with the correct word from the box. A. compensate B. conceive C. derive D. diversity E. inhibit F. moderate G. supplement H. surpass I. tentative J. verify 6. The Motor Vehicle Bureau now __________s its driver’s manual with an attached publication on the new driving laws. 7. Even with her relatives, shy Yoko didn’t feel free to be herself. Their noisy talk __________(e)d her. Page 48 in textbook. Answers: 6. supplement; 7. inhibit The next slide explains the answers.

SENTENCE CHECK 1 Complete each item with the correct word from the box. A. compensate B. conceive C. derive D. diversity E. inhibit F. moderate G. supplement H. surpass I. tentative J. verify 6. The Motor Vehicle Bureau now ___________ its driver’s manual with an attached publication on the new driving laws. supplements An attached publication would add to the driver’s manual. 7. Even with her relatives, shy Yoko didn’t feel free to be herself. Their noisy talk _____________ her. inhibited Page 48 in textbook. The noisy talk of others would prevent a shy person from feeling free to be herself.

SENTENCE CHECK 1 Complete each item with the correct word from the box. Complete each item with the correct word from the box. A. dialog B. erratic C. extensive D. forfeit E. fortify A. compensate B. conceive C. derive D. diversity E. inhibit F. moderate G. supplement H. surpass F. illuminate G. isolate H. refuge I. reminisce J. urban I. tentative J. verify 8. Artists feel frustrated when what they __________ in their minds fails to appear on the painted canvas. 9. “Hearing a __________ of opinions is fine,” said Lynn. “But it would be nice if everyone in this family could agree once in a while.” Page 48 in textbook. Answers: 8. conceive; 9. diversity; 10. compensate The next slide explains the answers. 10. When my uncle helped me pay for college, he said I could __________ him by helping someone else pay for college when I can afford to.

SENTENCE CHECK 1 Complete each item with the correct word from the box. Complete each item with the correct word from the box. A. dialog B. erratic C. extensive D. forfeit E. fortify A. compensate B. conceive C. derive D. diversity E. inhibit F. moderate G. supplement H. surpass F. illuminate G. isolate H. refuge I. reminisce J. urban I. tentative J. verify 8. Artists feel frustrated when what they __________ in their minds fails to appear on the painted canvas. conceive Artists would be frustrated when they fail to create on canvas what they imagine in their minds. 9. “Hearing a __________ of opinions is fine,” said Lynn. “But it would be nice if everyone in this family could agree once in a while.” diversity Page 48 in textbook. If the family members can’t agree, they must have a variety of opinions. 10. When my uncle helped me pay for college, he said I could __________ him by helping someone else pay for college when I can afford to. compensate Helping someone else pay for college would repay the uncle.