CHEMICAL CONTROL OF INSECTS )

HISTORY - USE OF INSECTICIDE BEGAIN IN 1850-1860 AGAINST POTATO BEETLE PARIS GREEN WAS USED AGAINST BEETLE

HISTORY: - BETWEEN 1900-1940 FLOURINE COMPOUND AND PLANT DERIVED INSECTICIDES WERE DEVELOPED DAWN OF CHEMICAL INSECTCIDE BEGAIN WITH DISCOVERY OF -[DDT] IN 1940

HISTORY: - LATER MANY HARMFUL INSECTICIDES WERE PRODUCED IN WORLD WAR 2 WHICH LATER BANNED- DDT, BHC, ALDRIN, CaCN, ENDRIN,DIELDRIN,CARBOFURAN, ENDOSULFAN …..ETC

CLASSIFICATION : - INORGANIC PESTICIDES-ARSENICAL,FOUORINE COMPOUND,SULPHUR DERIVATIVES ORGANIC PESTICIDES- PLANT ORIGIN, ANIMAL ORIGIN, SYNTHETIC ORGANIC PESTICIDES

PLANT ORIGIN PESTICIDE NICOTINE PYRETHRUM ROTENONE AZADIRACHTIN

NICOTINE OBTAINED FROM PLANT Nectana tobacum CHEMICAL FORMULA- IT IS A CONTACT POISON ENERS THROUGH TRACHEAE AND CUTICLE IT IS SAFE TO USE IN VARIOUS PLANTS

NICOTINE IT IS EXPENSIVE IT KILLS MANY PEST SPECIES AND BLOCK THE GROWTH OF SOME HARMFUL MICROBES ALSO

PYRETHRUM OBTAINED FROM FLOWERS OF Chrysanthemum roseum C.carneum IT IS APPLIED AS SPRAY OR DUST

PYRETHRUM IT LOSES TOXIC PROPERTIES WHEN EXPOSED TO SUNLIGHT,UV,AIR OR HEAT. USED AGAINST FLIES, BED BUG SILVER FISH

ROTENONE ROTENONE IS OBTAINED FROM ROOTS OF A LEGUMINOUS PLANT Derris elliptica, D malaccensis AND CORK-BUSH,JEWEL VINE,TUBA PLANT IT IS SOLUBLE IN ORGANIC LIQUIDS IT IS A CONTACT POISON IT ATTECK NERVOUS SYSTEM

ROTENONE CHEMICAL FORMULA OF ROTENONE IT WAS USED TO KILL CATTERPILLES WEEVILS FLEAS AND TO KILL FISHES AFTER DDT IT LOST ITS NEST

ROTENONE IT IS NOT VERY HARMFUL FOR HUMANS IT CAUSE VOMITING AND RETCHING

AZADIRACHTIN THIS INSECTICIDE IS OBTAIN FROM PARTS OF Azadirachta indica NEEM TREE NEEM HAS INSECTS KILLING CHEMICALS CHEMICAL; FORMULA OF AZADIRACHTIN IT IS VERY USEFUL AGAINST STORED GRAINS PESTS Sitophilous oryzae, Rizopthera dominica

AZADIRACHTIN IT IS ALSO USED AGAINST- VEGETABLE PESTS IT IS SAFE FOR HUMANS

ORGANOCHORINE DDT- DICHLORODIPHENYL TRICHLOROETHANE C14H9Cl5 IT WAS EXTENSIVELY USED AFTER WORLD WAR-II BUT DUE TO ITS HARMFUL EFFECTS ON ECOSYSTEM(BIOMAGNIFICATION)AND OTHER TOXIC EFFECTS IT WAS BANNED

CLORINATED INSECTICIDE ALDRIN- C12H8Cl6 USED AS DUST ,IT IS VERY POWERFUL POISON IT IS USED TO CONTROL- GRASSHOPPER,TERMITE LOCUSTS ETC

ENDRIN CHEMICAL STRUCTURE-C6H8Cl6O IT IS VERY TOXIC INSECTICIDE USED AGAINST GRASSHOPPERS LEPIDOPTEROUS LARVAE(CATERPILLARS) COLEOPTEROUS INSECTS AND BUGS

ENDOSULFAN(THIODAN) CHEMICAL FORMULA C9H6Cl6O2S IT IS SYNTHETIC INSECTICIDE IT IS MAINLY USED AGAINST- APHIDS LEAF HOPPERS GRAM BORER BUGS AND CATERPILLARS MITES

ENDOSULFAN NOT VERY TOXIC TO MAMMALS

ORGANOPHOSPHOROUS DICHLORVOS- KNOWN AS DDVP VERY FAST ACTING INSECTICIDE ACT AS STOMACH,CONTACT POISON WITH FUMIGANT ACTION

DDVP IT IS USED AGAINST STORED GRAIN PEST MOSQUITOES FLIES,LEPIDOPTERNS MITES,LOCUSTS AND APHIDS

MALATHION SAFE INSECTICIDE USED AGAINST STORAGE PEST, VEGETABLE PEST CHEMICAL NAME-VERY LONG TOXICITY-LD50-MAMMALS 479mg/Kg SAFE INSECTICIDE USED AGAINST STORAGE PEST, VEGETABLE PEST

MALATHION UNPLEASENT ODOUR

PARATHION C10H14NO5PS

PARATHION ORAL TOXICITY-LD50RAT 3-6 mg/Kg Dermal toxicity – LD50 RAT 4-200 mg/kg IT ACT AS STOMACH CONTACT AND FUMIGANT POISON USED AGAINST WIDE RANGE OF INSECTS AND MITES VERY TOXIC FOR MAN

CARBAMATE INSECTICIDE CARBARYL-1 naphthyl N-methylcarbamate c12H4O2N

CARBARYL ORAL TOXICITY-LD 50 RAT 400mg/kg DERMAL TOXICITY- Non specific insecticide USED AGAINST LICE,MITES AND TICKS AND PESTS OF COTTON VEGETABLE

CARBOFURAN C12H15NO3 ORAL TOXIXITY -LD50 RAT-8.2-14mg/kg Dermal toxicity- LD 50 RAT-10200mg/kg

CARBFURAN USED AGAINST- SUCKING PESTS,MITES AND ROOT INHABITING PESTS EG-ROOT WEEVIL,CORN ROOT WORM FLEA,BEELTE LARVAE, MAGGOTS

FUMIGANTS GAS INSECTICIDES WHICH ENTER THE INSECT BODY THROUGH SPIRACLES AND KILL THEM EXAMPLES- CARBON TETRACHLORIDE HYDROGEN CYANIDE ALUMINIUM PHOSPHATE METHYL BROMIDE ETHYLENE DICHLORIDE

ETHYLENE DICHLORIDE CH2Cl.CH2Cl IT IS SLOW ACTING GAS KILLS INSECT IN 24-70 HRS SO IT IS USED WITH CCl4 IN RATIO 3:1 PART OF ETDC AND CCl4 AND SPRAYED OVER CROP

HCN HCN IS INE OF THE MOST DEADLY FUMIGANT NEED HIGH PRECAUTIONS SO IT IS RELETIVLY LESS USED IN COMPARISON TO OTHER FUMIGANTS

METHYL BROMIDE MOST COMMONLY USED FUMIGANT DANGEROUS FOR MAMMALS SLOW ACTING USED FOR STORED GRAIN PEST AND NURSERIES ETC.

BANNED PESTCIDE ALDRIN, METHY BROMIDE BHC, DDT, FERBAM, EPN, ALUMINIUM PHOSPHIDE , DAZOMET, DIAZINON CaCN,DIELDRIN , ENDRIN , PARATHION LINDANE MENAZON , HEPTACHLOR, NITROFEN TCA , CAROFURAN 50% CAPTAFOL ,PARATHION