11/01/11 FOOD FOR THOUGHT: Which two characteristics of living things have to do with living things having babies and those babies getting bigger over time?

a. The skin cells stretched b. You got more skin cells 11/01/11 FOOD FOR THOUGHT: Think about how much skin you had when you were a baby compared to how much skin you have no. How do you think you got more skin? a. The skin cells stretched b. You got more skin cells

11/01/11 EVERY SINGLE CELL IN YOUR BODY HAS DNA. Do you think your egg (girl)/sperm (boy) cells have the same amount of DNA as your skin cells? a. Yes b. No Why?

multicellular organisms have 2 types of cells: 11/01/11 multicellular organisms have 2 types of cells: GAMETES aka sex cells SOMATIC CELLS aka body cells

11/01/11 DNA Key Point #1: ALL cells have genetic material called DNA organized into units called chromosomes DNA (deoxyribose nucleic acid) is the instructions for how a cell should run. It is what makes you “you.” Chromosomes are made of DNA. They look like Xs.

How many chromosomes do human somatic cells have? 11/01/11 How many chromosomes do human somatic cells have? In humans, somatic cells have 23 PAIRS of chromosomes (23 x 2 = 46 total) One from mommy and one from daddy S Somatic cells are 2N. N = how many of each TYPE of chromosome 1N means 1 set of each (23) 2N means 2 sets of each (46) 3N means 3 sets of each (72) 4N means 4 sets of each (96)

How many chromosomes do human sex cells have? 11/01/11 How many chromosomes do human sex cells have? When it is time to make sex cells, or gametes (egg and sperm), you DON’T want the cells to have 23 pairs of chromosomes! In humans, sex cells have 23 total chromosomes Sex cells are 1N (just one set of chromosomes) 46 23 46 92 46 23 7

How many N? How many total chromosomes? 11/01/11 EGG CELL BRAIN CELL

How many N? How many total chromosomes? 11/01/11 EGG CELL 23 chromosomes N (haploid) HAPLOID MEANS 1N! BRAIN CELL

How many N? How many total chromosomes? 11/01/11 EGG CELL 23 chromosomes N (haploid) HAPLOID MEANS 1N! H FOR HALF BRAIN CELL 46 chromosomes 2N (diploid) DIPLOID MEANS 2N! D FOR DOUBLE

Metabolism, reproduction, growth, organization, response, evolution 11/01/11 Metabolism, reproduction, growth, organization, response, evolution Key Point #2: Multicellular organisms get bigger because they get more somatic cells. Key Point #3: Multicellular organisms can have babies by creating gametes.

Making more cells… When we make gametes it is called MEIOSIS 11/01/11 Making more cells… When we make gametes it is called MEIOSIS When we make more somatic cells it is called MITOSIS

WHAT IS THE POINT OF GOING THROUGH THESE CELL DIVISIONS? 11/01/11 WHAT IS THE POINT OF GOING THROUGH THESE CELL DIVISIONS? MEIOSIS is for… MITOSIS is for…

WHAT IS THE POINT OF GOING THROUGH THESE CELL DIVISIONS? 11/01/11 WHAT IS THE POINT OF GOING THROUGH THESE CELL DIVISIONS? MEIOSIS is for… MITOSIS is for… reproduction growth

So… is the cell constantly dividing? 11/01/11 So… is the cell constantly dividing?

11/01/11 The Cell Cycle Splitting could mean mitosis or meiosis depending on the cell!

Interphase Key Point #4: 11/01/11 Interphase Key Point #4: The time between cell divisions is called INTERPHASE Think INTER-MISSION! It’s just the time in between the exciting parts. M Interphase

What happens during interphase? 11/01/11 What happens during interphase? This is when the cell does its normal cell things. Ear cells let you hear. Lung cells allow you to breathe. Muscle cells let you move. When a cell is getting ready to split, its DNA is doubled so that the resulting cells have the right amount of DNA!

Why must cells must make an EXACT copy of their DNA before they divide? 11/01/11 If they don’t… If they do… 46 92 46 THIS PICTURE IS FOR SOMATIC CELLS, SO YOU WANT THE NEW CELLS TO HAVE 46 X’s 46 Last bullet make them think. 23 23 19

BALLER REACH QUESTION… how many ‘N’ are each of these phases? 11/01/11 BALLER REACH QUESTION… how many ‘N’ are each of these phases? If they do… 46 92 Last bullet make them think. 20

BALLER REACH QUESTION… how many ‘N’ are each of these phases? 11/01/11 BALLER REACH QUESTION… how many ‘N’ are each of these phases? If they do… 46 92 2N Last bullet make them think. 21

BALLER REACH QUESTION… how many ‘N’ are each of these phases? 11/01/11 BALLER REACH QUESTION… how many ‘N’ are each of these phases? If they do… 46 92 2N Last bullet make them think. 2N 22

BALLER REACH QUESTION… how many ‘N’ are each of these phases? 11/01/11 BALLER REACH QUESTION… how many ‘N’ are each of these phases? If they do… 46 92 2N 4N Last bullet make them think. 2N 23

CELL DIVISION HAS SOOOOO MUCH VOCAB, LET’S GET IT STRAIGHT 11/01/11 CELL DIVISION HAS SOOOOO MUCH VOCAB, LET’S GET IT STRAIGHT … STARTING WITH HOW MANY N SOMETHING HAS….

11/01/11 How many N?

11/01/11 How many N?

11/01/11 Diploid means _N

11/01/11 Haploid means _N

11/01/11 Somatic Cells are _N

11/01/11 Sex Cells are _N

Your choices are mitosis or meiosis 11/01/11 Your choices are mitosis or meiosis

Your choices are mitosis or meiosis 11/01/11 Your choices are mitosis or meiosis This type of cell division is used for growth…

Your choices are mitosis or meiosis 11/01/11 Your choices are mitosis or meiosis This type of cell division results in 2N cells

Your choices are mitosis or meiosis 11/01/11 Your choices are mitosis or meiosis This type of cell division exists so that you can reproduce

Your choices are mitosis or meiosis 11/01/11 Your choices are mitosis or meiosis This type of cell division creates more somatic cells

11/01/11 These are open ended…

11/01/11 These are open ended… CHROMOSOMES ARE MADE OUT OF _________

11/01/11 rEEEEEEEEach. If an alligator skin cell starts with 52 total chromosomes, how many chromosomes will the new skin cells have?

11/01/11 rEEEEEEEEach. If a monkey somatic cell has 20 pairs of chromosomes, how many chromosomes will the monkey’s sperm cells have?

11/01/11 SWAT. http://www.wordle.net/delete?index=3989418 &d=DPPZ