Nationalism
Nation and Nationalism Nation as pre-condition of nationalism Nation-state may seeks to further strengthen nationalistic sentiment (intense nationalism) and give rise to international conflicts Nationalism as force to support the establishment of nation-state, or as force to support separatist movement and upset the nation-state Symbiotic and systemic, conflict
Nationalism Deep-rooted sense of belonging to a territorial and cultural community, social bond sense of belonging firmly attached to the nation state in a process of political development
Conservative nationalism - military regimes, middle class dominance After 2nd WW, nationalist movement have generally taken the form of independence struggles against imperialist rule, or dependency
Old and New Old nationalism - nation seeking boundaries e.g. in Europe New nationalism - boundaries seeking nation e.g. Asia and Third World
New Nationalism after 2nd WW Developed in highly developed capitalist world Facing a divided world after colonial / imperialist domination Socialist revolution
Struggle ... Economic Political
Economic Nationalism in Third World Acting in a way that will benefit one’s own economy with little concern for the impact on others Oppressed using law of supply and demand Using new found economic advantage into political power Using natural shortages to raise prices and political goals
Political Nationalism Self-strengthening movement during process of independence mobilization during course of nation-building Popular sovereignty - rise of democracy as against the rule of former government, governing elites support for strong state (?) and democracy (?)
Such as Hundred Days Reform Meiji Restoration Modernisation projects (economic and political) in Asia
Skeptical view - narrow interest, ethnic conflict, autocratic government, militancy so moderated by supranational or regional organisation, or by revival of local community
Asian cases Independence Movement of Indonesia (45-49), Vietnam (70s)… Massacre in Cambodia (after expelling US influence) (70s) Korean War (50s) and Korea Unification Talk Separatist Movement in Southern Philippines Disputes over East Timor and Aceh in Indonesia Burma’s Close Door Policy Taiwan Independence Movement
More on National Boundary ... Tiaoyutai Dispute Dispute between Korea and Japan Dispute between Japan and Russia Dispute on Spratly Islands Kashmir - India and Pakistan