Cell Review Organelles of a Cell

Parts of Animal AND Plant Cells Cell Membrane The thin, flexible outer covering of a cell. It controls what enters and leaves a cell. There are two main ways substances enter and leave a cell: Diffusion is one way in which materials (for example molecules of sugar, water or waste) moves across the cell membrane. It occurs as materials move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. Osmosis is the diffusion of water across a membrane. Video Video

Parts of Animal AND Plant Cells Cytoplasm The gel-like fluid inside of a cell made of mostly water. The other organelles are embedded in the cytoplasm.

Parts of Animal AND Plant Cells Nucleus Contains the genetic material (DNA) and is the control center of the cell. One type of cellular reproduction, mitosis, occurs in the nucleus. This results in a duplicate copy of the cell. Mitosis is needed for growth, replacement of cells, and asexual reproduction.

Parts of Animal AND Plant Cells Vacuole Act as temporary storage centers. Some store water; others store waste products until they can be eliminated from the cell. Plant cells have fewer and larger vacuoles than animal cells.

Parts of Animal AND Plant Cells Mitochondria It is sometimes called the “powerhouse” of the cell Are the energy producing sites in the cell where respiration takes place

Parts of Animal AND Plant Cells Mitochondria All organisms undergo cellular respiration. During this process, glucose (C6H12O6) is broken down into carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) to release energy The cell uses the energy to build, repair, and reproduce cells Cellular respiration is the complementary process to photosynthesis Cells that require a larger amount of energy to function contain a larger number of mitochondria

Parts of Animal AND Plant Cells Lysosomes Organelles responsible for digesting certain materials within the cell The lysosome can digest food, worn out organelles, as well as other cellular waste not needed for cell metabolism

Parts of a Plant Cells ONLY Cell wall Provides support and shape for plant cells. It is made mostly of cellulose which provides a protective framework for the cell

Parts of a Plant Cells ONLY Chloroplasts Are the sites where photosynthesis takes place in a plant cell They contain the chlorophyll, the green pigment that absorbs light energy During the process of photosynthesis, plants use light energy (sunlight), carbon dioxide (CO2), and water (H2O) to make glucose, a simple sugar (C6H12O6) and oxygen gas (O2) Plant cells also release oxygen gas (O2) as a waste product of photosynthesis